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		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Lo_script&amp;diff=10896</id>
		<title>Lo script</title>
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		<updated>2026-10-27T00:20:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: /* Sample texts */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox writing system|name=Lo script|native_name={{cs|hsk|hiH lF}}|type=Abugida|time=4589 CY to present|languages=[[Regal Dòn Proper]], [[Outlands Dòn]], [[Butakkin]], among others|fam1=[[Hashka proto-writing]]|fam2=[[Hashka hieroglyphs]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Lo script&#039;&#039;&#039; (rarely also reffered to as &#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka syllabics&#039;&#039;&#039;) is an [[Wikipedia:Alphasyllabary|alphasyllabary]] used near universally throughout [[Anschuhe]] to encode [[hashka]] languages, including the literary [[Regal Dòn Proper]], which it was originally created for. Its name derives from the RDP word for &amp;quot;small,&amp;quot; {{Cs|hsk|lF}} &#039;&#039;loó.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origin ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo was personally created in 4589 CY by Queen [[Hàanìì Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin|Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin]]. Prior to its invention, literacy was exclusive to highly educated scholars trained on a complex logographic system, [[Hashka hieroglyphs]] (nowadays called the &#039;&#039;Hieh&#039;&#039; script, from {{Cs|hsk|hieeG}} &#039;&#039;hieé&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;large&amp;quot;). Queen Dèeil-Iinshin, who wished to increase literacy in the [[RSS]] during its early industrialisation, created Lo with this purpose in mind.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Spread ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo spread slowly and recalcitrantly, mostly due to several attempts at squandering its promulgation by hashka literati, who believed literacy should remain a private, high-class matter which had no place in the lower castes. As such, for most of its infancy, the script was mostly used by the royal family, their close friends, and religious scholars.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The spread of Lo quickened in 4592 with its adoption by several courtesan males who, wishing to become literate but being otherwise untrained in the Hieh script, sought to be taught by monks, who taught them Lo due to its ease of use and adoption. These early courtesan Lo users caught the attention of Queen Dèeil-Iinshin, who promoted their works as foundational literature. These works, now known as the [[Five-Hundred and Twelve and a Half Stories]] ({{Cs|hsk|kiBkvAnuA biA/7}} &#039;&#039;Kíìkv́nú bi1000½&#039;&#039;), were a collection of prosaic and poetic romantic, tragic and comedic stories, and the earliest proper pieces of Lo literature (not counting earlier epistolary works or diaries). The courtesan authors were assigned important scholarly positions and their works were taught in schools, leading to wider recognition of the script.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern day ===&lt;br /&gt;
As of 4627 CY, the Lo script is widely used across the near-entirety of the continent. Although literacy remains low in the more rural areas, urbanised areas see high rates, mostly thanks to the Lo script and its heavy promotion by royal hashka castes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Letters ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
The following table shows Lo script letters in their canonical &#039;&#039;kwomodo&#039;&#039; order, as specified by queen Dèeil-Iinshin, as well as their names and pronunciations in [[Regal Dòn Proper]]. All letters have an implicit /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!-e&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|kw}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|kwe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|kw&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kweʼé&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/kʷo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|m}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|me}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;moó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/mo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|d}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|de}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;dùunil&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/do/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|n}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ne}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;náá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/no/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|N}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vn nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-n/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|r}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|re}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ruʼú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ro/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|R}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vr nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-r/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|f}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|fe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;fosoó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ɸo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|l}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|le}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;leéwv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/lo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|L}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vl nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|c}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ce}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ciíjí&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/t͡ʃo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|h}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|he}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;honeé&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/xo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|H}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vh nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|z}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ze}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|hl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hláh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ɬo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|sh}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|she}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|sh&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;shigùul&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ʃo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|q}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|qe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ngo&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ŋo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|gw}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|gwe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|gw&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;gwvnv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/gʷo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|t}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|te}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tv́v́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/to/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;podol&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/po/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|s}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|se}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;soná&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/so/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|k}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ke}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kùuhlan&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ko/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|j}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|je}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;jiraʼá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/d͡ʒo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|b}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|be}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;bol&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/bo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|g}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ge}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|g&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;go&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/go/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|w}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|we}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;iwvv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/wo/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Four additional letters were added in the early 4620s for easier transcription of [[Outlands Dòn]] and other languages with ejective stops.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|c&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|cʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ecʼáɂ&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/tɕʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|t&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ytuútʼuub&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/tʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|pʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ípʼao&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/pʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|k&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kʼeera&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/kʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels in Lo are appended to the consonants they follow, either in the form of diacritics (/a/, /i/ and /ə/), next to the base glyph (/u/) or by directly modifying the base glyph (/e/). /o/ is implicit.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!On &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|o}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|oroin&lt;br /&gt;
|/o/ [ɤᵝ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ii}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pi}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|iin&lt;br /&gt;
|[i]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|aa}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pa}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|[a]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ee}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|eén&lt;br /&gt;
|[e]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|vv}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pv}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|vfe&lt;br /&gt;
|[ə]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|uu}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pu}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|ùú&lt;br /&gt;
|/u/ [ɯᵝ]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
Tones in Lo are independent letters appended at the ends of syllables.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Length&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Glyph&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Short&lt;br /&gt;
|Atonal&lt;br /&gt;
|Varies&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |a&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|A}}&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hkóró&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; |Long&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|D}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hcoo&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|S}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hv́vmoó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|F}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hluú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|G}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;cèer&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|Z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;káá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|X}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àà&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kòò&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|C}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aʼá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hpaʼá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|V}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àʼa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;nìʼikàa&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Convex&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˥˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|B}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áà&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;jáà&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Concave&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|M}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hùú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Punctuation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo uses the following punctuation marks&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!Usage&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|,}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating ideas within a sentence, listing.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|.}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií-tií&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating sentences.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|:}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií bíhrur&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating paragraphs.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|-}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií-tv́v́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Quotations.&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Numerals ==&lt;br /&gt;
Lo numerals are octal, additive, and read right to left.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Numeral&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|0}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|1}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|2}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|3}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|4}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|5}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|6}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|7}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|8}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|9}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Decimal&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |0&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |1&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |4&lt;br /&gt;
|8&lt;br /&gt;
|32&lt;br /&gt;
|64&lt;br /&gt;
|256&lt;br /&gt;
|512&lt;br /&gt;
|2048&lt;br /&gt;
|4096&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Octal&lt;br /&gt;
|10&lt;br /&gt;
|40&lt;br /&gt;
|100&lt;br /&gt;
|400&lt;br /&gt;
|1000&lt;br /&gt;
|4000&lt;br /&gt;
|10000&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Numbers are written by concatenating symbols representing individual values, with the smallest on the left and increasing to the right. E.g. {{Cs|hsk|1135}} = 112&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = 74&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;10&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There exist simple fractional numerals as well.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Numeral&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|/}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|!}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|%}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Decimal&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |½&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |1⁄4&lt;br /&gt;
|⅛&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Octal&lt;br /&gt;
!⅒&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sample texts ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+&lt;br /&gt;
!Lo&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanised&lt;br /&gt;
!Translation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|HkashiA , zeRGtebA haB jiXHruF nX mAsaF suH ,&lt;br /&gt;
vvriA rvG palaGbA mZHruF .&lt;br /&gt;
uuRF diRAbA siG nAkuCdF mZHruFsu HpaAgaZ biAshX muFiiNA ,&lt;br /&gt;
HruFRtebA vvR siGHruF guFL .&lt;br /&gt;
iiB tiB oruM nAkuCdF , fiC siH uuN , deN oriiN lv :}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Hkashí, hlèertebó háà jììhruú nòò mósaá suh,&lt;br /&gt;
vrí rv̀v̀ palàabó móóhruú.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uúr dírbó sìi nókuʼúdoó móóhruúsu hpágáá bíshòò muúín,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
hruúrtebó vr sìihruú guúl.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Íì tíì orùú nókuʼúdoó, fiʼí sih un, den oroin lv.&lt;br /&gt;
|Suppose one mixes blue paint with yellow,&lt;br /&gt;
so that they obtain grey.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Humankind tends to say that grey as two words,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
which confuses my kind.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Maybe the human eye is sharper than ours in some unknown way.&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Writing systems]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Alphasyllabaries]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Lo_script&amp;diff=10895</id>
		<title>Lo script</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Lo_script&amp;diff=10895"/>
		<updated>2026-10-27T00:17:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox writing system|name=Lo script|native_name={{cs|hsk|hiH lF}}|type=Abugida|time=4589 CY to present|languages=[[Regal Dòn Proper]], [[Outlands Dòn]], [[Butakkin]], among others|fam1=[[Hashka proto-writing]]|fam2=[[Hashka hieroglyphs]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Lo script&#039;&#039;&#039; (rarely also reffered to as &#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka syllabics&#039;&#039;&#039;) is an [[Wikipedia:Alphasyllabary|alphasyllabary]] used near universally throughout [[Anschuhe]] to encode [[hashka]] languages, including the literary [[Regal Dòn Proper]], which it was originally created for. Its name derives from the RDP word for &amp;quot;small,&amp;quot; {{Cs|hsk|lF}} &#039;&#039;loó.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origin ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo was personally created in 4589 CY by Queen [[Hàanìì Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin|Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin]]. Prior to its invention, literacy was exclusive to highly educated scholars trained on a complex logographic system, [[Hashka hieroglyphs]] (nowadays called the &#039;&#039;Hieh&#039;&#039; script, from {{Cs|hsk|hieeG}} &#039;&#039;hieé&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;large&amp;quot;). Queen Dèeil-Iinshin, who wished to increase literacy in the [[RSS]] during its early industrialisation, created Lo with this purpose in mind.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Spread ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo spread slowly and recalcitrantly, mostly due to several attempts at squandering its promulgation by hashka literati, who believed literacy should remain a private, high-class matter which had no place in the lower castes. As such, for most of its infancy, the script was mostly used by the royal family, their close friends, and religious scholars.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The spread of Lo quickened in 4592 with its adoption by several courtesan males who, wishing to become literate but being otherwise untrained in the Hieh script, sought to be taught by monks, who taught them Lo due to its ease of use and adoption. These early courtesan Lo users caught the attention of Queen Dèeil-Iinshin, who promoted their works as foundational literature. These works, now known as the [[Five-Hundred and Twelve and a Half Stories]] ({{Cs|hsk|kiBkvAnuA biA/7}} &#039;&#039;Kíìkv́nú bi1000½&#039;&#039;), were a collection of prosaic and poetic romantic, tragic and comedic stories, and the earliest proper pieces of Lo literature (not counting earlier epistolary works or diaries). The courtesan authors were assigned important scholarly positions and their works were taught in schools, leading to wider recognition of the script.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern day ===&lt;br /&gt;
As of 4627 CY, the Lo script is widely used across the near-entirety of the continent. Although literacy remains low in the more rural areas, urbanised areas see high rates, mostly thanks to the Lo script and its heavy promotion by royal hashka castes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Letters ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
The following table shows Lo script letters in their canonical &#039;&#039;kwomodo&#039;&#039; order, as specified by queen Dèeil-Iinshin, as well as their names and pronunciations in [[Regal Dòn Proper]]. All letters have an implicit /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!-e&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|kw}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|kwe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|kw&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kweʼé&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/kʷo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|m}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|me}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;moó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/mo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|d}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|de}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;dùunil&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/do/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|n}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ne}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;náá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/no/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|N}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vn nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-n/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|r}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|re}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ruʼú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ro/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|R}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vr nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-r/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|f}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|fe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;fosoó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ɸo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|l}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|le}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;leéwv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/lo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|L}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vl nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|c}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ce}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ciíjí&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/t͡ʃo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|h}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|he}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;honeé&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/xo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|H}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vh nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|z}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ze}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|hl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hláh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ɬo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|sh}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|she}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|sh&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;shigùul&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ʃo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|q}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|qe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ngo&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ŋo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|gw}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|gwe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|gw&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;gwvnv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/gʷo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|t}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|te}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tv́v́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/to/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;podol&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/po/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|s}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|se}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;soná&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/so/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|k}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ke}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kùuhlan&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ko/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|j}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|je}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;jiraʼá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/d͡ʒo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|b}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|be}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;bol&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/bo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|g}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ge}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|g&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;go&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/go/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|w}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|we}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;iwvv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/wo/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Four additional letters were added in the early 4620s for easier transcription of [[Outlands Dòn]] and other languages with ejective stops.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|c&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|cʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ecʼáɂ&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/tɕʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|t&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ytuútʼuub&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/tʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|pʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ípʼao&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/pʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|k&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kʼeera&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/kʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels in Lo are appended to the consonants they follow, either in the form of diacritics (/a/, /i/ and /ə/), next to the base glyph (/u/) or by directly modifying the base glyph (/e/). /o/ is implicit.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!On &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|o}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|oroin&lt;br /&gt;
|/o/ [ɤᵝ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ii}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pi}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|iin&lt;br /&gt;
|[i]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|aa}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pa}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|[a]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ee}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|eén&lt;br /&gt;
|[e]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|vv}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pv}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|vfe&lt;br /&gt;
|[ə]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|uu}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pu}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|ùú&lt;br /&gt;
|/u/ [ɯᵝ]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
Tones in Lo are independent letters appended at the ends of syllables.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Length&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Glyph&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Short&lt;br /&gt;
|Atonal&lt;br /&gt;
|Varies&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |a&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|A}}&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hkóró&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; |Long&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|D}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hcoo&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|S}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hv́vmoó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|F}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hluú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|G}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;cèer&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|Z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;káá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|X}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àà&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kòò&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|C}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aʼá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hpaʼá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|V}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àʼa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;nìʼikàa&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Convex&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˥˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|B}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áà&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;jáà&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Concave&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|M}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hùú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Punctuation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo uses the following punctuation marks&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!Usage&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|,}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating ideas within a sentence, listing.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|.}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií-tií&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating sentences.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|:}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií bíhrur&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating paragraphs.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|-}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií-tv́v́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Quotations.&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Numerals ==&lt;br /&gt;
Lo numerals are octal, additive, and read right to left.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Numeral&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|0}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|1}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|2}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|3}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|4}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|5}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|6}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|7}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|8}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|9}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Decimal&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |0&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |1&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |4&lt;br /&gt;
|8&lt;br /&gt;
|32&lt;br /&gt;
|64&lt;br /&gt;
|256&lt;br /&gt;
|512&lt;br /&gt;
|2048&lt;br /&gt;
|4096&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Octal&lt;br /&gt;
|10&lt;br /&gt;
|40&lt;br /&gt;
|100&lt;br /&gt;
|400&lt;br /&gt;
|1000&lt;br /&gt;
|4000&lt;br /&gt;
|10000&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Numbers are written by concatenating symbols representing individual values, with the smallest on the left and increasing to the right. E.g. {{Cs|hsk|1135}} = 112&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = 74&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;10&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There exist simple fractional numerals as well.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Numeral&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|/}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|!}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|%}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Decimal&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |½&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |1⁄4&lt;br /&gt;
|⅛&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Octal&lt;br /&gt;
!⅒&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sample texts ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+&lt;br /&gt;
!Lo&lt;br /&gt;
!Romanised&lt;br /&gt;
!Translation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|HkashiA , zeGRtebA haB jiXHruF nX mAsaF suH ,&lt;br /&gt;
vvriA rvG palaGbA mZHruF .&lt;br /&gt;
uuFR diRAbA siG nAkuCdF mZHruFsu HpaAgaZ biAshX ,&lt;br /&gt;
HruFRtebA vvR siGHruF guFL .&lt;br /&gt;
iiB tiB oruM nAkuCdF , fiC siH uuN , deN oriiN lv :}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Hkashí, hlèertebó háà jììhruú nòò mósaá suh,&lt;br /&gt;
vrí rv̀v̀ palàabó móóhruú.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uúr dírbó sìi nókuʼúdoó móóhruúsu hpágáá bíshòò muúín,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
hruúrtebó vr sìihruú guúl.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Íì tíì orùú nókuʼúdoó, fiʼí sih un, den oroin lv.&lt;br /&gt;
|Suppose one mixes blue paint with yellow,&lt;br /&gt;
so that they obtain grey.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Humankind tends to say that grey as two words,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
which confuses my kind.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Maybe the human eye is sharper than ours in some unknown way.&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Writing systems]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Alphasyllabaries]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka_religion&amp;diff=10893</id>
		<title>Hashka religion</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka_religion&amp;diff=10893"/>
		<updated>2026-10-25T01:00:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox religion|icon=HashkaTrinity.svg|icon_width=60px|name=Hashka religion|native_name={{cs|hsk|HkvnvZraF}} {{small|([[Regal Dòn Proper|RDP]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|hsk|k&#039;eneHAraH}} {{small|([[Outlands Dòn]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|hsk|oAkxkaraA}} {{small|([[Butakkin language|Butakkin]])}}|image=|caption=|type=[[Wikipedia:Ethnic religion|Ethnic religion]]|scripture=|theology=Animistic|language=[[Regal Dòn Proper]]|territory=[[Anschuhe]], origin unclear}}&#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka religion&#039;&#039;&#039;, sometimes called &#039;&#039;&#039;hashka Revelations&#039;&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;&#039;Hkunurá&#039;&#039;&#039;, generally refers to the varied beliefs and mythologies of the [[hashka]] population of [[Anschuhe]]. It may be better understood as a non-unified group of closely related religions tracing their ancestry to the [[hashka proto-religion]]. As such, there are various &amp;quot;denominations,&amp;quot; local variations of myths and rituals, as well as different literary traditions which nonetheless find common ground in overarching psychological, philosophical and cosmological concepts. These concepts are not only derived from their ancestor religion, but also through constant interaction amongst each other.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origins ===&lt;br /&gt;
Although the exact origin of the ancestral [[hashka proto-religion]] is hitherto unknown, it can be said to have already existed since at least 5900 BP, evidenced by several votive artefacts created by the [[Moó culture]]. These include ritual copper lamellae and bells.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Central concepts ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Bone-flesh-soul trinity ===&lt;br /&gt;
In all [[hashka]] religions, every living being is defined as possessing three fundamental elements that compose the self: bone ({{Cs|hsk|hneF}} &#039;&#039;honeé&#039;&#039;), flesh ({{Cs|hsk|ciND}} &#039;&#039;ciin&#039;&#039;) and soul ({{Cs|hsk|HbaF}} &#039;&#039;hbaá&#039;&#039;). These are referred to as the &#039;&#039;trinity of being&#039;&#039; ({{Cs|hsk|HruR haGshaD}} &#039;&#039;hrur hàashaa&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The bone is the inner physical part of the self, believed to house one’s life and stamina. Consuming bones is a common practice, as it’s believed to prolong one’s life and nourish the soul by consequence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The flesh is the outer physical, sensory part of the self, whose outermost layer consists of skin and muscle. Hashka religions usually don’t emphasise consuming the flesh of other beings, instead focusing on maintaining one’s flesh in an optimal state. Practices that are believed to improve one’s flesh are ritual bathing, the use of aromatic ointments and, in some groups, scarification.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The soul is the incorporeal, emotional center of the self, where memory resides. Depression, panic, stress, etc. are all believed to be ailments that are generated from imbalances in the soul. It is believed to be housed in the heart, and because consuming another life’s soul is considered taboo, hearts of game are discarded across all hashka cultures.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Cosmogony ===&lt;br /&gt;
Hashka-kind, as well as all life on [[Anschuhe]], is believed by adherents of the hashka religion to have arisen in a cosmic boat called the &#039;&#039;awesome vessel&#039;&#039; ({{Cs|hsk|HkaGnvArvAaaA}} &#039;&#039;hkàanv́rv́á&#039;&#039;), created by formless primordial spirits in an era referred to as the &#039;&#039;ancient night&#039;&#039; ({{Cs|hsk|iimaV HkanaFhiNA}} &#039;&#039;imàʼa hkanaáhín&#039;&#039;). This legendary period is characterised by the lack of a sun, and thereby a day-night cycle, leading people to light their crops with torches and bonfires. It is represented by various creator figures, usually of supernatural strength and abilities, who shaped the continent of Anschuhe and the culture of hashka-kind through their heroic deeds. They sailed the primordial sea (XYZ) under the instruction of the &#039;&#039;enka&#039;&#039; ({{Cs|hsk|eeNka}}, &amp;quot;spirit&amp;quot;) ZYX to search for a sun to live under. It is said that the voyage ended when they heard the first sunrise as an indescribably beautiful call, and thus named their destination the Land of the Rising Shouting Sun ({{Cs|hsk|dafaA HcD zeCshiNA uuFshiNA}} &#039;&#039;Dafá Hcoo Hleʼéshín Uúshín&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Religions]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Religions of Anschuhe]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Lo_script&amp;diff=10892</id>
		<title>Lo script</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Lo_script&amp;diff=10892"/>
		<updated>2026-10-25T00:33:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: /* Spread */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox writing system|name=Lo script|native_name={{cs|hsk|hiH lF}}|type=Abugida|time=4589 CY to present|languages=[[Regal Dòn Proper]], [[Outlands Dòn]], [[Butakkin]], among others|fam1=[[Hashka proto-writing]]|fam2=[[Hashka hieroglyphs]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Lo script&#039;&#039;&#039; (rarely also reffered to as &#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka syllabics&#039;&#039;&#039;) is an [[Wikipedia:Alphasyllabary|alphasyllabary]] used near universally throughout [[Anschuhe]] to encode [[hashka]] languages, including the literary [[Regal Dòn Proper]], which it was originally created for. Its name derives from the RDP word for &amp;quot;small,&amp;quot; {{Cs|hsk|lF}} &#039;&#039;loó.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origin ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo was personally created in 4589 CY by Queen [[Hàanìì Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin|Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin]]. Prior to its invention, literacy was exclusive to highly educated scholars trained on a complex logographic system, [[Hashka hieroglyphs]] (nowadays called the &#039;&#039;Hieh&#039;&#039; script, from {{Cs|hsk|hieeG}} &#039;&#039;hieé&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;large&amp;quot;). Queen Dèeil-Iinshin, who wished to increase literacy in the [[RSS]] during its early industrialisation, created Lo with this purpose in mind.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Spread ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo spread slowly and recalcitrantly, mostly due to several attempts at squandering its promulgation by hashka literati, who believed literacy should remain a private, high-class matter which had no place in the lower castes. As such, for most of its infancy, the script was mostly used by the royal family, their close friends, and religious scholars.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The spread of Lo quickened in 4592 with its adoption by several courtesan males who, wishing to become literate but being otherwise untrained in the Hieh script, sought to be taught by monks, who taught them Lo due to its ease of use and adoption. These early courtesan Lo users caught the attention of Queen Dèeil-Iinshin, who promoted their works as foundational literature. These works, now known as the [[Five-Hundred and Twelve and a Half Stories]] ({{Cs|hsk|kiBkvAnuA biA/7}} &#039;&#039;Kíìkv́nú bi1000½&#039;&#039;), were a collection of prosaic and poetic romantic, tragic and comedic stories, and the earliest proper pieces of Lo literature (not counting earlier epistolary works or diaries). The courtesan authors were assigned important scholarly positions and their works were taught in schools, leading to wider recognition of the script.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern day ===&lt;br /&gt;
As of 4627 CY, the Lo script is widely used across the near-entirety of the continent. Although literacy remains low in the more rural areas, urbanised areas see high rates, mostly thanks to the Lo script and its heavy promotion by royal hashka castes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Letters ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
The following table shows Lo script letters in their canonical &#039;&#039;kwomodo&#039;&#039; order, as specified by queen Dèeil-Iinshin, as well as their names and pronunciations in [[Regal Dòn Proper]]. All letters have an implicit /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!-e&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|kw}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|kwe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|kw&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kweʼé&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/kʷo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|m}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|me}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;moó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/mo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|d}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|de}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;dùunil&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/do/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|n}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ne}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;náá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/no/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|N}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vn nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-n/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|r}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|re}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ruʼú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ro/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|R}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vr nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-r/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|f}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|fe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;fosoó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ɸo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|l}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|le}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;leéwv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/lo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|L}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vl nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|c}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ce}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ciíjí&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/t͡ʃo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|h}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|he}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;honeé&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/xo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|H}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vh nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|z}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ze}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|hl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hláh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ɬo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|sh}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|she}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|sh&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;shigùul&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ʃo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|q}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|qe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ngo&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ŋo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|gw}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|gwe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|gw&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;gwvnv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/gʷo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|t}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|te}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tv́v́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/to/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;podol&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/po/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|s}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|se}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;soná&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/so/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|k}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ke}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kùuhlan&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ko/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|j}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|je}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;jiraʼá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/d͡ʒo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|b}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|be}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;bol&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/bo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|g}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ge}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|g&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;go&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/go/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|w}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|we}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;iwvv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/wo/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Four additional letters were added in the early 4620s for easier transcription of [[Outlands Dòn]] and other languages with ejective stops.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|c&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|cʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ecʼáɂ&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/tɕʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|t&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ytuútʼuub&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/tʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|pʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ípʼao&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/pʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|k&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kʼeera&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/kʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels in Lo are appended to the consonants they follow, either in the form of diacritics (/a/, /i/ and /ə/), next to the base glyph (/u/) or by directly modifying the base glyph (/e/). /o/ is implicit.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!On &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|o}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|oroin&lt;br /&gt;
|/o/ [ɤᵝ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ii}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pi}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|iin&lt;br /&gt;
|[i]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|aa}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pa}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|[a]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ee}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|eén&lt;br /&gt;
|[e]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|vv}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pv}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|vfe&lt;br /&gt;
|[ə]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|uu}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pu}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|ùú&lt;br /&gt;
|/u/ [ɯᵝ]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
Tones in Lo are independent letters appended at the ends of syllables.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Length&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Glyph&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Short&lt;br /&gt;
|Atonal&lt;br /&gt;
|Varies&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |a&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|A}}&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hkóró&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; |Long&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|D}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hcoo&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|S}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hv́vmoó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|F}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hluú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|G}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;cèer&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|Z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;káá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|X}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àà&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kòò&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|C}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aʼá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hpaʼá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|V}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àʼa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;nìʼikàa&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Convex&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˥˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|B}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áà&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;jáà&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Concave&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|M}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hùú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Punctuation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo uses the following punctuation marks&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!Usage&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|,}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating ideas within a sentence, listing.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|.}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií-tií&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating sentences.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|:}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií bíhrur&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating paragraphs.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|-}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií-tv́v́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Quotations.&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Numerals ==&lt;br /&gt;
Lo numerals are octal, additive, and read right to left.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Numeral&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|0}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|1}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|2}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|3}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|4}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|5}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|6}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|7}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|8}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|9}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Decimal&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |0&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |1&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |4&lt;br /&gt;
|8&lt;br /&gt;
|32&lt;br /&gt;
|64&lt;br /&gt;
|256&lt;br /&gt;
|512&lt;br /&gt;
|2048&lt;br /&gt;
|4096&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Octal&lt;br /&gt;
|10&lt;br /&gt;
|40&lt;br /&gt;
|100&lt;br /&gt;
|400&lt;br /&gt;
|1000&lt;br /&gt;
|4000&lt;br /&gt;
|10000&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Numbers are written by concatenating symbols representing individual values, with the smallest on the left and increasing to the right. E.g. {{Cs|hsk|1135}} = 112&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = 74&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;10&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There exist simple fractional numerals as well.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Numeral&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|/}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|!}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|%}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Decimal&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |½&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |1⁄4&lt;br /&gt;
|⅛&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Octal&lt;br /&gt;
!⅒&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Writing systems]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Alphasyllabaries]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Lo_script&amp;diff=10891</id>
		<title>Lo script</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Lo_script&amp;diff=10891"/>
		<updated>2026-10-25T00:26:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: /* Spread */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox writing system|name=Lo script|native_name={{cs|hsk|hiH lF}}|type=Abugida|time=4589 CY to present|languages=[[Regal Dòn Proper]], [[Outlands Dòn]], [[Butakkin]], among others|fam1=[[Hashka proto-writing]]|fam2=[[Hashka hieroglyphs]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Lo script&#039;&#039;&#039; (rarely also reffered to as &#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka syllabics&#039;&#039;&#039;) is an [[Wikipedia:Alphasyllabary|alphasyllabary]] used near universally throughout [[Anschuhe]] to encode [[hashka]] languages, including the literary [[Regal Dòn Proper]], which it was originally created for. Its name derives from the RDP word for &amp;quot;small,&amp;quot; {{Cs|hsk|lF}} &#039;&#039;loó.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origin ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo was personally created in 4589 CY by Queen [[Hàanìì Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin|Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin]]. Prior to its invention, literacy was exclusive to highly educated scholars trained on a complex logographic system, [[Hashka hieroglyphs]] (nowadays called the &#039;&#039;Hieh&#039;&#039; script, from {{Cs|hsk|hieeG}} &#039;&#039;hieé&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;large&amp;quot;). Queen Dèeil-Iinshin, who wished to increase literacy in the [[RSS]] during its early industrialisation, created Lo with this purpose in mind.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Spread ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo spread slowly and recalcitrantly, mostly due to several attempts at squandering its promulgation by hashka literati, who believed literacy should remain a private, high-class matter, which had no place in the lower castes. As such, for most of its infancy, the script was mostly used by the royal family, their close friends, and religious scholars.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The spread of Lo quickened in 4592 with its adoption by several courtesan males who, wishing to become literate but being otherwise untrained in the Hieh script, sought to be taught by monks, who taught them Lo due to its ease of use and adoption. These early courtesan Lo users caught the attention of Queen Dèeil-Iinshin, who promoted their works as foundational literature. These works, now known as the [[Five-Hundred and Twelve and a Half Stories]] ({{Cs|hsk|kiBkvAnuA biA/7}} &#039;&#039;Kíìkv́nú bi1000½&#039;&#039;), were a collection of prosaic and poetic romantic, tragic and comedic stories, and the earliest proper pieces of Lo literature (not counting earlier epistolary works or diaries). The courtesan authors were assigned important scholarly positions and their works were taught in schools, leading to wider recognition of the script.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern day ===&lt;br /&gt;
As of 4627 CY, the Lo script is widely used across the near-entirety of the continent. Although literacy remains low in the more rural areas, urbanised areas see high rates, mostly thanks to the Lo script and its heavy promotion by royal hashka castes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Letters ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
The following table shows Lo script letters in their canonical &#039;&#039;kwomodo&#039;&#039; order, as specified by queen Dèeil-Iinshin, as well as their names and pronunciations in [[Regal Dòn Proper]]. All letters have an implicit /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!-e&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|kw}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|kwe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|kw&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kweʼé&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/kʷo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|m}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|me}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;moó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/mo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|d}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|de}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;dùunil&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/do/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|n}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ne}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;náá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/no/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|N}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vn nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-n/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|r}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|re}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ruʼú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ro/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|R}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vr nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-r/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|f}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|fe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;fosoó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ɸo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|l}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|le}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;leéwv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/lo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|L}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vl nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|c}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ce}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ciíjí&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/t͡ʃo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|h}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|he}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;honeé&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/xo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|H}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vh nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|z}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ze}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|hl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hláh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ɬo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|sh}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|she}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|sh&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;shigùul&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ʃo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|q}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|qe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ngo&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ŋo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|gw}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|gwe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|gw&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;gwvnv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/gʷo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|t}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|te}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tv́v́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/to/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;podol&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/po/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|s}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|se}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;soná&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/so/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|k}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ke}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kùuhlan&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ko/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|j}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|je}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;jiraʼá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/d͡ʒo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|b}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|be}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;bol&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/bo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|g}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ge}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|g&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;go&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/go/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|w}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|we}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;iwvv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/wo/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Four additional letters were added in the early 4620s for easier transcription of [[Outlands Dòn]] and other languages with ejective stops.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|c&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|cʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ecʼáɂ&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/tɕʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|t&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ytuútʼuub&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/tʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|pʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ípʼao&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/pʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|k&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kʼeera&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/kʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels in Lo are appended to the consonants they follow, either in the form of diacritics (/a/, /i/ and /ə/), next to the base glyph (/u/) or by directly modifying the base glyph (/e/). /o/ is implicit.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!On &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|o}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|oroin&lt;br /&gt;
|/o/ [ɤᵝ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ii}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pi}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|iin&lt;br /&gt;
|[i]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|aa}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pa}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|[a]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ee}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|eén&lt;br /&gt;
|[e]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|vv}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pv}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|vfe&lt;br /&gt;
|[ə]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|uu}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pu}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|ùú&lt;br /&gt;
|/u/ [ɯᵝ]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
Tones in Lo are independent letters appended at the ends of syllables.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Length&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Glyph&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Short&lt;br /&gt;
|Atonal&lt;br /&gt;
|Varies&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |a&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|A}}&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hkóró&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; |Long&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|D}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hcoo&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|S}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hv́vmoó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|F}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hluú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|G}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;cèer&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|Z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;káá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|X}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àà&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kòò&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|C}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aʼá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hpaʼá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|V}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àʼa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;nìʼikàa&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Convex&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˥˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|B}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áà&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;jáà&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Concave&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|M}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hùú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Punctuation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo uses the following punctuation marks&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!Usage&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|,}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating ideas within a sentence, listing.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|.}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií-tií&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating sentences.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|:}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií bíhrur&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating paragraphs.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|-}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií-tv́v́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Quotations.&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Numerals ==&lt;br /&gt;
Lo numerals are octal, additive, and read right to left.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Numeral&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|0}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|1}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|2}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|3}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|4}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|5}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|6}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|7}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|8}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|9}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Decimal&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |0&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |1&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |4&lt;br /&gt;
|8&lt;br /&gt;
|32&lt;br /&gt;
|64&lt;br /&gt;
|256&lt;br /&gt;
|512&lt;br /&gt;
|2048&lt;br /&gt;
|4096&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Octal&lt;br /&gt;
|10&lt;br /&gt;
|40&lt;br /&gt;
|100&lt;br /&gt;
|400&lt;br /&gt;
|1000&lt;br /&gt;
|4000&lt;br /&gt;
|10000&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Numbers are written by concatenating symbols representing individual values, with the smallest on the left and increasing to the right. E.g. {{Cs|hsk|1135}} = 112&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = 74&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;10&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There exist simple fractional numerals as well.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Numeral&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|/}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|!}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|%}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Decimal&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |½&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |1⁄4&lt;br /&gt;
|⅛&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Octal&lt;br /&gt;
!⅒&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Writing systems]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Alphasyllabaries]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Lo_script&amp;diff=10890</id>
		<title>Lo script</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Lo_script&amp;diff=10890"/>
		<updated>2026-10-25T00:26:32Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox writing system|name=Lo script|native_name={{cs|hsk|hiH lF}}|type=Abugida|time=4589 CY to present|languages=[[Regal Dòn Proper]], [[Outlands Dòn]], [[Butakkin]], among others|fam1=[[Hashka proto-writing]]|fam2=[[Hashka hieroglyphs]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Lo script&#039;&#039;&#039; (rarely also reffered to as &#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka syllabics&#039;&#039;&#039;) is an [[Wikipedia:Alphasyllabary|alphasyllabary]] used near universally throughout [[Anschuhe]] to encode [[hashka]] languages, including the literary [[Regal Dòn Proper]], which it was originally created for. Its name derives from the RDP word for &amp;quot;small,&amp;quot; {{Cs|hsk|lF}} &#039;&#039;loó.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origin ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo was personally created in 4589 CY by Queen [[Hàanìì Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin|Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin]]. Prior to its invention, literacy was exclusive to highly educated scholars trained on a complex logographic system, [[Hashka hieroglyphs]] (nowadays called the &#039;&#039;Hieh&#039;&#039; script, from {{Cs|hsk|hieeG}} &#039;&#039;hieé&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;large&amp;quot;). Queen Dèeil-Iinshin, who wished to increase literacy in the [[RSS]] during its early industrialisation, created Lo with this purpose in mind.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Spread ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo spread slowly and recalcitrantly, mostly due to several attempts at squandering its promulgation by hashka literati, who believed literacy should remain a private, high-class matter, which had no place in the lower castes. As such, for most of its infancy, the script was mostly used by the royal family, their close friends, and religious scholars.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The spread of Lo quickened in 4592 with its adoption by several courtesan males who, wishing to become literate but being otherwise untrained in the Hieh script, sought to be taught by monks, who taught them Lo due to its ease of use and adoption. These early courtesan Lo users caught the attention of Queen Dèeil-Iinshin, who promoted their works as foundational literature. These works, now known as the [[Five-Hundred and Twelve and a Half Stories]] ({{Cs|hsk|kiBkvAnuA biA/6}} &#039;&#039;Kíìkv́nú bi1000½&#039;&#039;), were a collection of prosaic and poetic romantic, tragic and comedic stories, and the earliest proper pieces of Lo literature (not counting earlier epistolary works or diaries). The courtesan authors were assigned important scholarly positions and their works were taught in schools, leading to wider recognition of the script.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern day ===&lt;br /&gt;
As of 4627 CY, the Lo script is widely used across the near-entirety of the continent. Although literacy remains low in the more rural areas, urbanised areas see high rates, mostly thanks to the Lo script and its heavy promotion by royal hashka castes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Letters ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
The following table shows Lo script letters in their canonical &#039;&#039;kwomodo&#039;&#039; order, as specified by queen Dèeil-Iinshin, as well as their names and pronunciations in [[Regal Dòn Proper]]. All letters have an implicit /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!-e&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|kw}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|kwe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|kw&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kweʼé&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/kʷo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|m}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|me}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;moó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/mo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|d}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|de}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;dùunil&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/do/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|n}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ne}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;náá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/no/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|N}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vn nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-n/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|r}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|re}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ruʼú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ro/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|R}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vr nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-r/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|f}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|fe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;fosoó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ɸo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|l}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|le}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;leéwv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/lo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|L}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vl nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|c}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ce}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ciíjí&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/t͡ʃo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|h}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|he}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;honeé&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/xo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|H}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vh nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|z}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ze}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|hl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hláh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ɬo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|sh}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|she}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|sh&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;shigùul&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ʃo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|q}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|qe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ngo&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ŋo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|gw}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|gwe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|gw&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;gwvnv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/gʷo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|t}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|te}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tv́v́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/to/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;podol&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/po/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|s}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|se}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;soná&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/so/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|k}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ke}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kùuhlan&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ko/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|j}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|je}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;jiraʼá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/d͡ʒo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|b}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|be}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;bol&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/bo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|g}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ge}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|g&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;go&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/go/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|w}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|we}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;iwvv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/wo/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Four additional letters were added in the early 4620s for easier transcription of [[Outlands Dòn]] and other languages with ejective stops.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|c&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|cʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ecʼáɂ&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/tɕʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|t&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ytuútʼuub&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/tʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|pʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ípʼao&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/pʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|k&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kʼeera&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/kʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels in Lo are appended to the consonants they follow, either in the form of diacritics (/a/, /i/ and /ə/), next to the base glyph (/u/) or by directly modifying the base glyph (/e/). /o/ is implicit.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!On &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|o}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|oroin&lt;br /&gt;
|/o/ [ɤᵝ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ii}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pi}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|iin&lt;br /&gt;
|[i]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|aa}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pa}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|[a]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ee}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|eén&lt;br /&gt;
|[e]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|vv}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pv}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|vfe&lt;br /&gt;
|[ə]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|uu}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pu}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|ùú&lt;br /&gt;
|/u/ [ɯᵝ]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
Tones in Lo are independent letters appended at the ends of syllables.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Length&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Glyph&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Short&lt;br /&gt;
|Atonal&lt;br /&gt;
|Varies&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |a&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|A}}&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hkóró&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; |Long&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|D}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hcoo&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|S}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hv́vmoó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|F}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hluú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|G}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;cèer&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|Z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;káá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|X}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àà&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kòò&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|C}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aʼá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hpaʼá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|V}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àʼa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;nìʼikàa&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Convex&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˥˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|B}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áà&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;jáà&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Concave&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|M}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hùú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Punctuation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo uses the following punctuation marks&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!Usage&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|,}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating ideas within a sentence, listing.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|.}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií-tií&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating sentences.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|:}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií bíhrur&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating paragraphs.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|-}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií-tv́v́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Quotations.&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Numerals ==&lt;br /&gt;
Lo numerals are octal, additive, and read right to left.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Numeral&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|0}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|1}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|2}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|3}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|4}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|5}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|6}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|7}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|8}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|9}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Decimal&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |0&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |1&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |4&lt;br /&gt;
|8&lt;br /&gt;
|32&lt;br /&gt;
|64&lt;br /&gt;
|256&lt;br /&gt;
|512&lt;br /&gt;
|2048&lt;br /&gt;
|4096&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Octal&lt;br /&gt;
|10&lt;br /&gt;
|40&lt;br /&gt;
|100&lt;br /&gt;
|400&lt;br /&gt;
|1000&lt;br /&gt;
|4000&lt;br /&gt;
|10000&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Numbers are written by concatenating symbols representing individual values, with the smallest on the left and increasing to the right. E.g. {{Cs|hsk|1135}} = 112&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = 74&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;10&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There exist simple fractional numerals as well.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Numeral&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|/}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|!}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|%}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Decimal&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |½&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |1⁄4&lt;br /&gt;
|⅛&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Octal&lt;br /&gt;
!⅒&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Writing systems]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Alphasyllabaries]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Lo_script&amp;diff=10889</id>
		<title>Lo script</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Lo_script&amp;diff=10889"/>
		<updated>2026-10-24T23:54:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: /* Numerals */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox writing system|name=Lo script|native_name={{cs|hsk|hiH lF}}|type=Abugida|time=4589 CY to present|languages=[[Regal Dòn Proper]], [[Outlands Dòn]], [[Butakkin]], among others|fam1=[[Hashka proto-writing]]|fam2=[[Hashka hieroglyphs]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Lo script&#039;&#039;&#039; (rarely also reffered to as &#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka syllabics&#039;&#039;&#039;) is an [[Wikipedia:Alphasyllabary|alphasyllabary]] used near universally throughout [[Anschuhe]] to encode [[hashka]] languages, including the literary [[Regal Dòn Proper]], which it was originally created for. Its name derives from the RDP word for &amp;quot;small,&amp;quot; {{Cs|hsk|lF}} &#039;&#039;loó.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origin ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo was personally created in 4589 CY by Queen [[Hàanìì Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin|Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin]]. Prior to its invention, literacy was exclusive to highly educated scholars trained on a complex logographic system, [[Hashka hieroglyphs]] (nowadays called the &#039;&#039;Hieh&#039;&#039; script, from {{Cs|hsk|hieeG}} &#039;&#039;hieé&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;large&amp;quot;). Queen Dèeil-Iinshin, who wished to increase literacy in the [[RSS]] during its early industrialisation, created Lo with this purpose in mind.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Spread ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo spread slowly and recalcitrantly, mostly due to several attempts at squandering its promulgation by hashka literati, who believed literacy should remain a private, high-class matter, which had no place in the lower castes. As such, for most of its infancy, the script was mostly used by the royal family, their close friends, and religious scholars.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The spread of Lo quickened in 4592 with its adoption by several courtesan males who, wishing to become literate but being otherwise untrained in the Hieh script, sought to be taught by monks, who taught them Lo due to its ease of use and adoption. These early courtesan Lo users caught the attention of Queen Dèeil-Iinshin, who promoted their works as foundational literature. These works, now known as the [[Five-Hundred and Twelve and a Half Stories]] ({{Cs|hsk|kiBkvAnuA biA/6}} &#039;&#039;Kíìkv́nú bi100½&#039;&#039;), were a collection of prosaic and poetic romantic, tragic and comedic stories, and the earliest proper pieces of Lo literature (not counting earlier epistolary works or diaries). The courtesan authors were assigned important scholarly positions and their works were taught in schools, leading to wider recognition of the script.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern day ===&lt;br /&gt;
As of 4627 CY, the Lo script is widely used across the near-entirety of the continent. Although literacy remains low in the more rural areas, urbanised areas see high rates, mostly thanks to the Lo script and its heavy promotion by royal hashka castes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Letters ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
The following table shows Lo script letters in their canonical &#039;&#039;kwomodo&#039;&#039; order, as specified by queen Dèeil-Iinshin, as well as their names and pronunciations in [[Regal Dòn Proper]]. All letters have an implicit /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!-e&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|kw}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|kwe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|kw&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kweʼé&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/kʷo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|m}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|me}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;moó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/mo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|d}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|de}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;dùunil&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/do/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|n}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ne}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;náá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/no/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|N}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vn nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-n/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|r}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|re}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ruʼú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ro/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|R}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vr nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-r/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|f}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|fe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;fosoó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ɸo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|l}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|le}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;leéwv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/lo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|L}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vl nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|c}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ce}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ciíjí&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/t͡ʃo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|h}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|he}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;honeé&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/xo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|H}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vh nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|z}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ze}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|hl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hláh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ɬo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|sh}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|she}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|sh&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;shigùul&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ʃo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|q}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|qe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ngo&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ŋo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|gw}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|gwe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|gw&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;gwvnv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/gʷo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|t}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|te}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tv́v́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/to/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;podol&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/po/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|s}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|se}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;soná&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/so/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|k}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ke}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kùuhlan&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ko/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|j}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|je}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;jiraʼá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/d͡ʒo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|b}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|be}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;bol&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/bo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|g}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ge}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|g&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;go&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/go/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|w}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|we}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;iwvv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/wo/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Four additional letters were added in the early 4620s for easier transcription of [[Outlands Dòn]] and other languages with ejective stops.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|c&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|cʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ecʼáɂ&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/tɕʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|t&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ytuútʼuub&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/tʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|pʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ípʼao&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/pʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|k&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kʼeera&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/kʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels in Lo are appended to the consonants they follow, either in the form of diacritics (/a/, /i/ and /ə/), next to the base glyph (/u/) or by directly modifying the base glyph (/e/). /o/ is implicit.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!On &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|o}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|oroin&lt;br /&gt;
|/o/ [ɤᵝ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ii}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pi}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|iin&lt;br /&gt;
|[i]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|aa}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pa}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|[a]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ee}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|eén&lt;br /&gt;
|[e]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|vv}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pv}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|vfe&lt;br /&gt;
|[ə]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|uu}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pu}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|ùú&lt;br /&gt;
|/u/ [ɯᵝ]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
Tones in Lo are independent letters appended at the ends of syllables.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Length&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Glyph&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Short&lt;br /&gt;
|Atonal&lt;br /&gt;
|Varies&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |a&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|A}}&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hkóró&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; |Long&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|D}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hcoo&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|S}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hv́vmoó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|F}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hluú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|G}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;cèer&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|Z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;káá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|X}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àà&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kòò&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|C}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aʼá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hpaʼá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|V}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àʼa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;nìʼikàa&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Convex&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˥˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|B}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áà&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;jáà&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Concave&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|M}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hùú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Punctuation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo uses the following punctuation marks&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!Usage&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|,}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating ideas within a sentence, listing.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|.}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií-tií&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating sentences.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|:}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií bíhrur&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating paragraphs.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|-}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií-tv́v́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Quotations.&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Numerals ==&lt;br /&gt;
Lo numerals are octal, additive, and read right to left.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Numeral&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|0}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|1}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|2}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|3}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|4}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|5}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|6}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|7}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|8}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|9}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Decimal&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |0&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |1&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |4&lt;br /&gt;
|8&lt;br /&gt;
|32&lt;br /&gt;
|64&lt;br /&gt;
|256&lt;br /&gt;
|512&lt;br /&gt;
|2048&lt;br /&gt;
|4096&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Octal&lt;br /&gt;
|10&lt;br /&gt;
|40&lt;br /&gt;
|100&lt;br /&gt;
|400&lt;br /&gt;
|1000&lt;br /&gt;
|4000&lt;br /&gt;
|10000&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Numbers are written by concatenating symbols representing individual values, with the smallest on the left and increasing to the right. E.g. {{Cs|hsk|1135}} = 112&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = 74&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;10&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There exist simple fractional numerals as well.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Numeral&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|/}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|!}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|%}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Decimal&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |½&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |1⁄4&lt;br /&gt;
|⅛&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Octal&lt;br /&gt;
!⅒&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Writing systems]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Alphasyllabaries]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Lo_script&amp;diff=10888</id>
		<title>Lo script</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Lo_script&amp;diff=10888"/>
		<updated>2026-10-24T23:37:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: /* Tones */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox writing system|name=Lo script|native_name={{cs|hsk|hiH lF}}|type=Abugida|time=4589 CY to present|languages=[[Regal Dòn Proper]], [[Outlands Dòn]], [[Butakkin]], among others|fam1=[[Hashka proto-writing]]|fam2=[[Hashka hieroglyphs]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Lo script&#039;&#039;&#039; (rarely also reffered to as &#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka syllabics&#039;&#039;&#039;) is an [[Wikipedia:Alphasyllabary|alphasyllabary]] used near universally throughout [[Anschuhe]] to encode [[hashka]] languages, including the literary [[Regal Dòn Proper]], which it was originally created for. Its name derives from the RDP word for &amp;quot;small,&amp;quot; {{Cs|hsk|lF}} &#039;&#039;loó.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origin ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo was personally created in 4589 CY by Queen [[Hàanìì Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin|Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin]]. Prior to its invention, literacy was exclusive to highly educated scholars trained on a complex logographic system, [[Hashka hieroglyphs]] (nowadays called the &#039;&#039;Hieh&#039;&#039; script, from {{Cs|hsk|hieeG}} &#039;&#039;hieé&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;large&amp;quot;). Queen Dèeil-Iinshin, who wished to increase literacy in the [[RSS]] during its early industrialisation, created Lo with this purpose in mind.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Spread ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo spread slowly and recalcitrantly, mostly due to several attempts at squandering its promulgation by hashka literati, who believed literacy should remain a private, high-class matter, which had no place in the lower castes. As such, for most of its infancy, the script was mostly used by the royal family, their close friends, and religious scholars.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The spread of Lo quickened in 4592 with its adoption by several courtesan males who, wishing to become literate but being otherwise untrained in the Hieh script, sought to be taught by monks, who taught them Lo due to its ease of use and adoption. These early courtesan Lo users caught the attention of Queen Dèeil-Iinshin, who promoted their works as foundational literature. These works, now known as the [[Five-Hundred and Twelve and a Half Stories]] ({{Cs|hsk|kiBkvAnuA biA/6}} &#039;&#039;Kíìkv́nú bi100½&#039;&#039;), were a collection of prosaic and poetic romantic, tragic and comedic stories, and the earliest proper pieces of Lo literature (not counting earlier epistolary works or diaries). The courtesan authors were assigned important scholarly positions and their works were taught in schools, leading to wider recognition of the script.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern day ===&lt;br /&gt;
As of 4627 CY, the Lo script is widely used across the near-entirety of the continent. Although literacy remains low in the more rural areas, urbanised areas see high rates, mostly thanks to the Lo script and its heavy promotion by royal hashka castes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Letters ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
The following table shows Lo script letters in their canonical &#039;&#039;kwomodo&#039;&#039; order, as specified by queen Dèeil-Iinshin, as well as their names and pronunciations in [[Regal Dòn Proper]]. All letters have an implicit /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!-e&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|kw}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|kwe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|kw&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kweʼé&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/kʷo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|m}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|me}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;moó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/mo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|d}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|de}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;dùunil&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/do/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|n}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ne}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;náá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/no/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|N}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vn nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-n/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|r}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|re}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ruʼú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ro/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|R}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vr nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-r/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|f}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|fe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;fosoó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ɸo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|l}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|le}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;leéwv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/lo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|L}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vl nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|c}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ce}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ciíjí&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/t͡ʃo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|h}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|he}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;honeé&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/xo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|H}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vh nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|z}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ze}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|hl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hláh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ɬo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|sh}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|she}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|sh&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;shigùul&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ʃo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|q}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|qe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ngo&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ŋo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|gw}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|gwe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|gw&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;gwvnv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/gʷo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|t}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|te}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tv́v́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/to/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;podol&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/po/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|s}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|se}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;soná&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/so/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|k}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ke}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kùuhlan&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ko/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|j}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|je}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;jiraʼá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/d͡ʒo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|b}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|be}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;bol&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/bo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|g}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ge}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|g&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;go&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/go/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|w}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|we}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;iwvv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/wo/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Four additional letters were added in the early 4620s for easier transcription of [[Outlands Dòn]] and other languages with ejective stops.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|c&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|cʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ecʼáɂ&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/tɕʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|t&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ytuútʼuub&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/tʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|pʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ípʼao&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/pʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|k&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kʼeera&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/kʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels in Lo are appended to the consonants they follow, either in the form of diacritics (/a/, /i/ and /ə/), next to the base glyph (/u/) or by directly modifying the base glyph (/e/). /o/ is implicit.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!On &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|o}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|oroin&lt;br /&gt;
|/o/ [ɤᵝ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ii}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pi}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|iin&lt;br /&gt;
|[i]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|aa}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pa}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|[a]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ee}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|eén&lt;br /&gt;
|[e]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|vv}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pv}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|vfe&lt;br /&gt;
|[ə]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|uu}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pu}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|ùú&lt;br /&gt;
|/u/ [ɯᵝ]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
Tones in Lo are independent letters appended at the ends of syllables.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Length&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Glyph&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Short&lt;br /&gt;
|Atonal&lt;br /&gt;
|Varies&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |a&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|A}}&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hkóró&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; |Long&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|D}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hcoo&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|S}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hv́vmoó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|F}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hluú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|G}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;cèer&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|Z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;káá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|X}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àà&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kòò&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|C}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aʼá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hpaʼá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|V}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àʼa&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;nìʼikàa&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Convex&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˥˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|B}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áà&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;jáà&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Concave&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|M}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àá&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hùú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Punctuation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo uses the following punctuation marks&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!Usage&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|,}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating ideas within a sentence, listing.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|.}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií-tií&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating sentences.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|:}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií bíhrur&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating paragraphs.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|-}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií-tv́v́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Quotations.&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Numerals ==&lt;br /&gt;
Lo numerals are octal, additive, and read right to left.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Numeral&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|0}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|1}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|2}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|3}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|4}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|5}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;WIP&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|6}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;WIP&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|7}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Decimal&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |0&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |1&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |4&lt;br /&gt;
|8&lt;br /&gt;
|32&lt;br /&gt;
|64&lt;br /&gt;
|256&lt;br /&gt;
|512&lt;br /&gt;
|2048&lt;br /&gt;
|4096&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Octal&lt;br /&gt;
|10&lt;br /&gt;
|40&lt;br /&gt;
|100&lt;br /&gt;
|400&lt;br /&gt;
|1000&lt;br /&gt;
|4000&lt;br /&gt;
|10000&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Numbers are written by concatenating symbols representing individual values, with the smallest on the left and increasing to the right. E.g. {{Cs|hsk|1135}} = 112&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = 74&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;10&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There exist simple fractional numerals as well.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Numeral&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|/}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|!}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|%}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Decimal&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |½&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |1⁄4&lt;br /&gt;
|⅛&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Octal&lt;br /&gt;
!⅒&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Writing systems]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Alphasyllabaries]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Lo_script&amp;diff=10887</id>
		<title>Lo script</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Lo_script&amp;diff=10887"/>
		<updated>2026-10-24T23:35:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox writing system|name=Lo script|native_name={{cs|hsk|hiH lF}}|type=Abugida|time=4589 CY to present|languages=[[Regal Dòn Proper]], [[Outlands Dòn]], [[Butakkin]], among others|fam1=[[Hashka proto-writing]]|fam2=[[Hashka hieroglyphs]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Lo script&#039;&#039;&#039; (rarely also reffered to as &#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka syllabics&#039;&#039;&#039;) is an [[Wikipedia:Alphasyllabary|alphasyllabary]] used near universally throughout [[Anschuhe]] to encode [[hashka]] languages, including the literary [[Regal Dòn Proper]], which it was originally created for. Its name derives from the RDP word for &amp;quot;small,&amp;quot; {{Cs|hsk|lF}} &#039;&#039;loó.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origin ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo was personally created in 4589 CY by Queen [[Hàanìì Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin|Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin]]. Prior to its invention, literacy was exclusive to highly educated scholars trained on a complex logographic system, [[Hashka hieroglyphs]] (nowadays called the &#039;&#039;Hieh&#039;&#039; script, from {{Cs|hsk|hieeG}} &#039;&#039;hieé&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;large&amp;quot;). Queen Dèeil-Iinshin, who wished to increase literacy in the [[RSS]] during its early industrialisation, created Lo with this purpose in mind.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Spread ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo spread slowly and recalcitrantly, mostly due to several attempts at squandering its promulgation by hashka literati, who believed literacy should remain a private, high-class matter, which had no place in the lower castes. As such, for most of its infancy, the script was mostly used by the royal family, their close friends, and religious scholars.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The spread of Lo quickened in 4592 with its adoption by several courtesan males who, wishing to become literate but being otherwise untrained in the Hieh script, sought to be taught by monks, who taught them Lo due to its ease of use and adoption. These early courtesan Lo users caught the attention of Queen Dèeil-Iinshin, who promoted their works as foundational literature. These works, now known as the [[Five-Hundred and Twelve and a Half Stories]] ({{Cs|hsk|kiBkvAnuA biA/6}} &#039;&#039;Kíìkv́nú bi100½&#039;&#039;), were a collection of prosaic and poetic romantic, tragic and comedic stories, and the earliest proper pieces of Lo literature (not counting earlier epistolary works or diaries). The courtesan authors were assigned important scholarly positions and their works were taught in schools, leading to wider recognition of the script.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern day ===&lt;br /&gt;
As of 4627 CY, the Lo script is widely used across the near-entirety of the continent. Although literacy remains low in the more rural areas, urbanised areas see high rates, mostly thanks to the Lo script and its heavy promotion by royal hashka castes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Letters ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
The following table shows Lo script letters in their canonical &#039;&#039;kwomodo&#039;&#039; order, as specified by queen Dèeil-Iinshin, as well as their names and pronunciations in [[Regal Dòn Proper]]. All letters have an implicit /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!-e&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|kw}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|kwe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|kw&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kweʼé&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/kʷo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|m}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|me}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;moó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/mo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|d}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|de}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;dùunil&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/do/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|n}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ne}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;náá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/no/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|N}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vn nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-n/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|r}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|re}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ruʼú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ro/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|R}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vr nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-r/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|f}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|fe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;fosoó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ɸo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|l}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|le}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;leéwv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/lo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|L}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vl nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|c}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ce}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ciíjí&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/t͡ʃo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|h}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|he}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;honeé&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/xo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|H}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vh nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|z}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ze}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|hl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hláh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ɬo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|sh}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|she}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|sh&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;shigùul&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ʃo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|q}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|qe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ngo&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ŋo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|gw}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|gwe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|gw&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;gwvnv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/gʷo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|t}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|te}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tv́v́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/to/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;podol&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/po/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|s}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|se}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;soná&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/so/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|k}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ke}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kùuhlan&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ko/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|j}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|je}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;jiraʼá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/d͡ʒo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|b}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|be}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;bol&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/bo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|g}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ge}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|g&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;go&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/go/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|w}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|we}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;iwvv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/wo/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Four additional letters were added in the early 4620s for easier transcription of [[Outlands Dòn]] and other languages with ejective stops.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|c&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|cʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ecʼáɂ&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/tɕʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|t&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ytuútʼuub&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/tʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|pʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ípʼao&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/pʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|k&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kʼeera&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/kʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels in Lo are appended to the consonants they follow, either in the form of diacritics (/a/, /i/ and /ə/), next to the base glyph (/u/) or by directly modifying the base glyph (/e/). /o/ is implicit.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!On &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|o}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|oroin&lt;br /&gt;
|/o/ [ɤᵝ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ii}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pi}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|iin&lt;br /&gt;
|[i]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|aa}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pa}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|[a]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ee}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|eén&lt;br /&gt;
|[e]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|vv}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pv}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|vfe&lt;br /&gt;
|[ə]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|uu}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pu}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|ùú&lt;br /&gt;
|/u/ [ɯᵝ]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
Tones in Lo are independent letters appended at the ends of syllables.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Length&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Glyph&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Short&lt;br /&gt;
|Atonal&lt;br /&gt;
|Varies&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|A}}&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; |Long&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|D}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|S}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|F}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|G}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|Z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|X}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àà&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|C}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aʼá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|V}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àʼa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Convex&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˥˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|B}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áà&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Concave&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|M}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àá&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Punctuation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo uses the following punctuation marks&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!Usage&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|,}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating ideas within a sentence, listing.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|.}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií-tií&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating sentences.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|:}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií bíhrur&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating paragraphs.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|-}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií-tv́v́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Quotations.&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Numerals ==&lt;br /&gt;
Lo numerals are octal, additive, and read right to left.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Numeral&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|0}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|1}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|2}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|3}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|4}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|5}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;WIP&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|6}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;WIP&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|7}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Decimal&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |0&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |1&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |4&lt;br /&gt;
|8&lt;br /&gt;
|32&lt;br /&gt;
|64&lt;br /&gt;
|256&lt;br /&gt;
|512&lt;br /&gt;
|2048&lt;br /&gt;
|4096&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Octal&lt;br /&gt;
|10&lt;br /&gt;
|40&lt;br /&gt;
|100&lt;br /&gt;
|400&lt;br /&gt;
|1000&lt;br /&gt;
|4000&lt;br /&gt;
|10000&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Numbers are written by concatenating symbols representing individual values, with the smallest on the left and increasing to the right. E.g. {{Cs|hsk|1135}} = 112&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = 74&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;10&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There exist simple fractional numerals as well.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Numeral&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|/}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|!}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|%}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Decimal&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |½&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |1⁄4&lt;br /&gt;
|⅛&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Octal&lt;br /&gt;
!⅒&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Writing systems]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Alphasyllabaries]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Lo_script&amp;diff=10886</id>
		<title>Lo script</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Lo_script&amp;diff=10886"/>
		<updated>2026-10-24T23:26:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: /* Consonants */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox writing system|name=Lo script|native_name={{cs|hsk|hiH lF}}|type=Abugida|time=4589 CY to present|languages=[[Regal Dòn Proper]], [[Outlands Dòn]], [[Butakkin]], among others|fam1=[[Hashka proto-writing]]|fam2=[[Hashka hieroglyphs]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Lo script&#039;&#039;&#039; (rarely also reffered to as &#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka syllabics&#039;&#039;&#039;) is an [[Wikipedia:Alphasyllabary|alphasyllabary]] used near universally throughout [[Anschuhe]] to encode [[hashka]] languages, including the literary [[Regal Dòn Proper]], which it was originally created for. Its name derives from the RDP word for &amp;quot;small,&amp;quot; {{Cs|hsk|lF}} &#039;&#039;loó.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origin ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo was personally created in 4589 CY by Queen [[Hàanìì Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin|Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin]]. Prior to its invention, literacy was exclusive to highly educated scholars trained on a complex logographic system, [[Hashka hieroglyphs]] (nowadays called the &#039;&#039;Hieh&#039;&#039; script, from {{Cs|hsk|hieeG}} &#039;&#039;hieé&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;large&amp;quot;). Queen Dèeil-Iinshin, who wished to increase literacy in the [[RSS]] during its early industrialisation, created Lo with this purpose in mind.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Spread ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo spread slowly and recalcitrantly, mostly due to several attempts at squandering its promulgation by hashka literati, who believed literacy should remain a private, high-class matter, which had no place in the lower castes. As such, for most of its infancy, the script was mostly used by the royal family, their close friends, and religious scholars.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The spread of Lo quickened in 4592 with its adoption by several courtesan males who, wishing to become literate but being otherwise untrained in the Hieh script, sought to be taught by monks, who taught them Lo due to its ease of use and adoption. These early courtesan Lo users caught the attention of Queen Dèeil-Iinshin, who promoted their works as foundational literature. These works, now known as the [[Five-Hundred and Twelve and a Half Stories]] ({{Cs|hsk|kiBkvAnuA biA6/}} &#039;&#039;Kíìkv́nú bi100½&#039;&#039;), were a collection of prosaic and poetic romantic, tragic and comedic stories, and the earliest proper pieces of Lo literature (not counting earlier epistolary works or diaries). The courtesan authors were assigned important scholarly positions and their works were taught in schools, leading to wider recognition of the script.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern day ===&lt;br /&gt;
As of 4627 CY, the Lo script is widely used across the near-entirety of the continent. Although literacy remains low in the more rural areas, urbanised areas see high rates, mostly thanks to the Lo script and its heavy promotion by royal hashka castes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Letters ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
The following table shows Lo script letters in their canonical &#039;&#039;kwomodo&#039;&#039; order, as specified by queen Dèeil-Iinshin, as well as their names and pronunciations in [[Regal Dòn Proper]]. All letters have an implicit /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!-e&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|kw}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|kwe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|kw&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kweʼé&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/kʷo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|m}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|me}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;moó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/mo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|d}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|de}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;dùunil&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/do/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|n}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ne}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;náá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/no/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|N}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vn nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-n/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|r}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|re}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ruʼú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ro/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|R}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vr nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-r/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|f}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|fe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;fosoó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ɸo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|l}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|le}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;leéwv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/lo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|L}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vl nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|c}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ce}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ciíjí&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/t͡ʃo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|h}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|he}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;honeé&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/xo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|H}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vh nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|z}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ze}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|hl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hláh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ɬo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|sh}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|she}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|sh&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;shigùul&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ʃo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|q}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|qe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ngo&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ŋo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|gw}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|gwe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|gw&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;gwvnv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/gʷo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|t}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|te}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tv́v́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/to/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;podol&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/po/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|s}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|se}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;soná&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/so/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|k}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ke}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kùuhlan&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ko/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|j}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|je}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;jiraʼá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/d͡ʒo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|b}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|be}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;bol&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/bo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|g}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ge}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|g&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;go&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/go/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|w}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|we}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;iwvv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/wo/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Four additional letters were added in the early 4620s for easier transcription of [[Outlands Dòn]] and other languages with ejective stops.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|c&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|cʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ecʼáɂ&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/tɕʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|t&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ytuútʼuub&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/tʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|pʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ípʼao&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/pʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|k&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kʼeera&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/kʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels in Lo are appended to the consonants they follow, either in the form of diacritics (/a/, /i/ and /ə/), next to the base glyph (/u/) or by directly modifying the base glyph (/e/). /o/ is implicit.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!On &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|o}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|oroin&lt;br /&gt;
|/o/ [ɤᵝ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ii}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pi}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|iin&lt;br /&gt;
|[i]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|aa}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pa}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|[a]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ee}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|eén&lt;br /&gt;
|[e]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|vv}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pv}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|vfe&lt;br /&gt;
|[ə]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|uu}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pu}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|ùú&lt;br /&gt;
|/u/ [ɯᵝ]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
Tones in Lo are independent letters appended at the ends of syllables.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Length&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Glyph&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Short&lt;br /&gt;
|Atonal&lt;br /&gt;
|Varies&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|A}}&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; |Long&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|D}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|S}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|F}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|G}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|Z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|X}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àà&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|C}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aʼá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|V}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àʼa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Convex&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˥˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|B}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áà&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Concave&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|M}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àá&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Punctuation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo uses the following punctuation marks&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!Usage&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|,}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating ideas within a sentence, listing.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|.}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií-tií&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating sentences.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|:}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií bíhrur&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating paragraphs.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|-}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií-tv́v́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Quotations.&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Numerals ==&lt;br /&gt;
Lo numerals are octal, additive, and read right to left.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Numeral&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|0}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|1}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|2}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|3}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|4}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|5}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;WIP&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|6}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;WIP&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|7}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Decimal&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |0&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |1&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |4&lt;br /&gt;
|8&lt;br /&gt;
|32&lt;br /&gt;
|64&lt;br /&gt;
|256&lt;br /&gt;
|512&lt;br /&gt;
|2048&lt;br /&gt;
|4096&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Octal&lt;br /&gt;
|10&lt;br /&gt;
|40&lt;br /&gt;
|100&lt;br /&gt;
|400&lt;br /&gt;
|1000&lt;br /&gt;
|4000&lt;br /&gt;
|10000&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Numbers are written by concatenating symbols representing individual values, with the smallest on the left and increasing to the right. E.g. {{Cs|hsk|1135}} = 112&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = 74&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;10&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There exist simple fractional numerals as well.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Numeral&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|/}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|!}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|%}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Decimal&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |½&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |1⁄4&lt;br /&gt;
|⅛&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Octal&lt;br /&gt;
!⅒&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Writing systems]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Alphasyllabaries]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Lo_script&amp;diff=10885</id>
		<title>Lo script</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Lo_script&amp;diff=10885"/>
		<updated>2026-10-24T23:14:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: Created page with &amp;quot;{{Infobox writing system|name=Lo script|native_name={{cs|hsk|hiH lF}}|type=Abugida|time=4589 CY to present|languages=Regal Dòn Proper, Outlands Dòn, Butakkin, among others|fam1=Hashka proto-writing|fam2=Hashka hieroglyphs}}  The &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Lo script&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (rarely also reffered to as &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Hashka syllabics&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) is an alphasyllabary used near universally throughout Anschuhe to encode hashka languages, including the literary Reg...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox writing system|name=Lo script|native_name={{cs|hsk|hiH lF}}|type=Abugida|time=4589 CY to present|languages=[[Regal Dòn Proper]], [[Outlands Dòn]], [[Butakkin]], among others|fam1=[[Hashka proto-writing]]|fam2=[[Hashka hieroglyphs]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Lo script&#039;&#039;&#039; (rarely also reffered to as &#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka syllabics&#039;&#039;&#039;) is an [[Wikipedia:Alphasyllabary|alphasyllabary]] used near universally throughout [[Anschuhe]] to encode [[hashka]] languages, including the literary [[Regal Dòn Proper]], which it was originally created for. Its name derives from the RDP word for &amp;quot;small,&amp;quot; {{Cs|hsk|lF}} &#039;&#039;loó.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origin ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo was personally created in 4589 CY by Queen [[Hàanìì Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin|Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin]]. Prior to its invention, literacy was exclusive to highly educated scholars trained on a complex logographic system, [[Hashka hieroglyphs]] (nowadays called the &#039;&#039;Hieh&#039;&#039; script, from {{Cs|hsk|hieeG}} &#039;&#039;hieé&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;large&amp;quot;). Queen Dèeil-Iinshin, who wished to increase literacy in the [[RSS]] during its early industrialisation, created Lo with this purpose in mind.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Spread ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo spread slowly and recalcitrantly, mostly due to several attempts at squandering its promulgation by hashka literati, who believed literacy should remain a private, high-class matter, which had no place in the lower castes. As such, for most of its infancy, the script was mostly used by the royal family, their close friends, and religious scholars.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The spread of Lo quickened in 4592 with its adoption by several courtesan males who, wishing to become literate but being otherwise untrained in the Hieh script, sought to be taught by monks, who taught them Lo due to its ease of use and adoption. These early courtesan Lo users caught the attention of Queen Dèeil-Iinshin, who promoted their works as foundational literature. These works, now known as the [[Five-Hundred and Twelve and a Half Stories]] ({{Cs|hsk|kiBkvAnuA biA6/}} &#039;&#039;Kíìkv́nú bi100½&#039;&#039;), were a collection of prosaic and poetic romantic, tragic and comedic stories, and the earliest proper pieces of Lo literature (not counting earlier epistolary works or diaries). The courtesan authors were assigned important scholarly positions and their works were taught in schools, leading to wider recognition of the script.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern day ===&lt;br /&gt;
As of 4627 CY, the Lo script is widely used across the near-entirety of the continent. Although literacy remains low in the more rural areas, urbanised areas see high rates, mostly thanks to the Lo script and its heavy promotion by royal hashka castes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Letters ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Consonants ===&lt;br /&gt;
The following table shows Lo script letters in their canonical &#039;&#039;kwomodo&#039;&#039; order, as specified by queen Dèeil-Iinshin, as well as their names and pronunciations in [[Regal Dòn Proper]]. All letters have an implicit /o/.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|kw}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|kw&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kweʼé&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/kʷo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|m}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|m&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;moó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/mo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|d}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|d&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;dùunil&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/do/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|n}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |n&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;náá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/no/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|N}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vn nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-n/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|r}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |r&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ruʼú&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ro/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|R}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vr nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-r/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|f}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|f&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;fosoó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ɸo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|l}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |l&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;leéwv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/lo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|L}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vl nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|c}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|c&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ciíjí&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/t͡ʃo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|h}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |h&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;honeé&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/xo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|H}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;vh nóó&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/-x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|z}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|hl&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;hláh&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ɬo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|sh}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|sh&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;shigùul&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ʃo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|q}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|ng&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ngo&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ŋo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|gw}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|gw&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;gwvnv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/gʷo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|t}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|t&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tv́v́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/to/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|p&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;podol&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/po/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|s}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|s&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;soná&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/so/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|k}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|k&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kùuhlan&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/ko/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|j}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|j&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;jiraʼá&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/d͡ʒo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|b}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|b&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;bol&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/bo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|g}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|g&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;go&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/go/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|w}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|w&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;iwvv́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/wo/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Four additional letters were added in the early 4620s for easier transcription of [[Outlands Dòn]] and other languages with ejective stops.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|c&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|cʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ecʼáɂ&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/tɕʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|t&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|tʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ytuútʼuub&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/tʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|pʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ípʼao&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/pʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|k&#039;}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|kʼ&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;kʼeera&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|/kʼo/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Vowels ===&lt;br /&gt;
Vowels in Lo are appended to the consonants they follow, either in the form of diacritics (/a/, /i/ and /ə/), next to the base glyph (/u/) or by directly modifying the base glyph (/e/). /o/ is implicit.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!On &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|o}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|p}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|o&lt;br /&gt;
|oroin&lt;br /&gt;
|/o/ [ɤᵝ]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ii}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pi}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|i&lt;br /&gt;
|iin&lt;br /&gt;
|[i]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|aa}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pa}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|a&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|[a]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|ee}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pe}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|e&lt;br /&gt;
|eén&lt;br /&gt;
|[e]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|vv}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pv}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|v&lt;br /&gt;
|vfe&lt;br /&gt;
|[ə]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|uu}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|pu}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|u&lt;br /&gt;
|ùú&lt;br /&gt;
|/u/ [ɯᵝ]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Tones ===&lt;br /&gt;
Tones in Lo are independent letters appended at the ends of syllables.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Length&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Glyph&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Short&lt;br /&gt;
|Atonal&lt;br /&gt;
|Varies&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|A}}&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; |Long&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|D}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|S}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|F}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|G}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|Z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|X}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àà&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|C}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aʼá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|V}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àʼa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Convex&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˥˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|B}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áà&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Concave&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|M}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àá&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Punctuation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Lo uses the following punctuation marks&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Letter&lt;br /&gt;
!Name&lt;br /&gt;
!Usage&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|,}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating ideas within a sentence, listing.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|.}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií-tií&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating sentences.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|:}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií bíhrur&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Separating paragraphs.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|-}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;tií-tv́v́&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|Quotations.&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Numerals ==&lt;br /&gt;
Lo numerals are octal, additive, and read right to left.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Numeral&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|0}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|1}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|2}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|3}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|4}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|5}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;WIP&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|6}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;WIP&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|7}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Decimal&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |0&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |1&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |4&lt;br /&gt;
|8&lt;br /&gt;
|32&lt;br /&gt;
|64&lt;br /&gt;
|256&lt;br /&gt;
|512&lt;br /&gt;
|2048&lt;br /&gt;
|4096&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Octal&lt;br /&gt;
|10&lt;br /&gt;
|40&lt;br /&gt;
|100&lt;br /&gt;
|400&lt;br /&gt;
|1000&lt;br /&gt;
|4000&lt;br /&gt;
|10000&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
Numbers are written by concatenating symbols representing individual values, with the smallest on the left and increasing to the right. E.g. {{Cs|hsk|1135}} = 112&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; = 74&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;10&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There exist simple fractional numerals as well.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Numeral&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|/}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|!}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;{{Cs|hsk|%}}&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Decimal&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |½&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |1⁄4&lt;br /&gt;
|⅛&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Octal&lt;br /&gt;
!⅒&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Writing systems]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Alphasyllabaries]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Regal_D%C3%B2n_Proper&amp;diff=10882</id>
		<title>Regal Dòn Proper</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Regal_D%C3%B2n_Proper&amp;diff=10882"/>
		<updated>2026-10-23T09:26:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: /* Phonology */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox language|name=Regal Dòn Proper|nativename={{cs|hsk|dN haGniXshiN naZshiNA}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Don Hàanììshin Nááshín&#039;&#039;|pronunciation=[dɤ̃˩ xa:˧˩ni:˩ʃĩ˩ naː˧˥ʃĩ˦]|states=Northwestern [[Anschuhe]]|ethnicity=[[Niishka people]]|speakers=|date=|speakers2=|familycolor=Hro-Don|fam2=Don|fam3=Western Don|fam4=|ancestor=[[Proto-Hro-Don language|Proto-Hro-Don]]|ancestor2=Proto-Don|ancestor3=|script=[[Lo script]], [[Hashka hieroglyphs]] (historical)|nation={{flag|RSS}}|lingua=|glottorefname=Regal Dòn Proper}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Regal Dòn Proper&#039;&#039;&#039; ({{cs|hsk|dN haGniXshiN naZshiNA}} &#039;&#039;Don Hàanììshin Nááshín&#039;&#039;), otherwise &#039;&#039;&#039;Regal Dòn&#039;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;&#039;Dòn Proper&#039;&#039;&#039; or simply &#039;&#039;&#039;Dòn&#039;&#039;&#039;, often abbreviated into &#039;&#039;&#039;RDP&#039;&#039;&#039;, is a [[Hro-Don languages|Hro-Don language]] of the [[Don languages|Don]] branch. Although not a vulgar language, a role filled by its various relatives (such as [[Outlands Dòn]], a sister to Regal Dòn), and being quite ancient (~1100 years old), it survives as the formal lingua franca of literature, religion and politics across the near-totality of the [[hashka]] populations of [[Anschuhe]]. It is of particular interest to linguists for its large toneme inventory and for being a non-hominin language (i.e. not originally spoken by either humans or [[Jötunn|jötnar]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although originally written with a complex logographic script ([[Hashka hieroglyphs]]), in an attempt to increase literacy rates across the [[RSS]], former queen [[Hàanìì Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin|Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin]], personally created the [[Lo script]] (from {{Cs|hsk|lF}} &#039;&#039;loó&#039;&#039; meaning &amp;quot;small&amp;quot;) in 4589 CY. This proved mildly effective, and since then the script has expanded to the rest of the continent, being adapted and modified to serve various hashka languages beyond RDP.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phonology ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Unvoiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Voiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Unvoiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Voiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Unvoiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Voiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039; /m/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|n N}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039; /n/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|q}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039; /ŋ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|p}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039; /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|b}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039; /b/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|t}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039; /t/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|d}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039; /d/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|k}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039; /k/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|g}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039; /g/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Labialised&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|kw}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039; /kʷ/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|gw}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039; /gʷ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|c}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039; /t͡ʃ/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039; /d͡ʒ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|f}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɸ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|s}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039; /s/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|z}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɬ/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|h H}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039; /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|r R}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039; /r/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|l L}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039; /l/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039; /w/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|(/w/)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels (independent and appended to {{Cs|hsk|p}})&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Short&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Long&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Short&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Long&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Short&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Long&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Close&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|ii pi}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|uu pu}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039; /i/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ii&#039;&#039;&#039; /i:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uu&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Nasal&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|iiN piN}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|uuN puN}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039; /ĩ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iin&#039;&#039;&#039; /ĩ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯ̃ᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uun&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯ̃ᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Mid&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|ee pe}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|vv pv}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|o p}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039; /e/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ee&#039;&#039;&#039; /e:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;vv&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;oo&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Nasal&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|eeN peN}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|vvN pvN}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|o pN}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;en&#039;&#039;&#039; /ẽ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;een&#039;&#039;&#039; /ẽ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;vn&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə̃/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;vvn&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə̃:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;on&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤ̃ᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;oon&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤ̃ᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Open&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|aa pa}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; /a/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;aa&#039;&#039;&#039; /a:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Nasal&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|aaN paN}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039; /ã/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;aan&#039;&#039;&#039; /ã:/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Tones&lt;br /&gt;
!Length&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Glyph&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Short&lt;br /&gt;
|Atonal&lt;br /&gt;
|Varies&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|A}}&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; |Long&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|D}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|S}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|F}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|G}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|Z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|X}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àà&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|C}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aʼá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|V}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àʼa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Convex&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˥˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|B}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áà&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Concave&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|M}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àá&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Syllable structure ===&lt;br /&gt;
The general syllable structure of RDP is (x)CV(E) where E may be a liquid or /x/. Vowels always carry a tone, even if classified as &amp;quot;atonal,&amp;quot; as atonal vowels are affected by sandhi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sandhi ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sandhi in RDP can be divided into two categories: &#039;&#039;explicit&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;orthographic sandhi&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;implicit&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;phonetic sandhi&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Explicit sandhi ====&lt;br /&gt;
Explicit sandhi is marked orthographically as a change in the tone of a word. This mostly affects atonal vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Connecting rule&#039;&#039;&#039;: this rule governs how atonal vowels behave.&lt;br /&gt;
** 1. If an atonal vowel is in the first syllable of a word, it may be realised as low. This may also be the case if the word is monosyllabic.&lt;br /&gt;
** 2. If an atonal vowel is not in the first syllable of a word, it may take on different forms depending on the preceding syllable&#039;s tone:&lt;br /&gt;
*** If an atonal vowel is preceded by a high, concave or any rising tone, it may be realised as high.&lt;br /&gt;
*** If an atonal vowel is preceded by a low, convex or any falling tone, it may be realised as low.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Clamping rule&#039;&#039;&#039;: this rule governs how contours behave when surrounded by other contours. If a word contains two rising or falling tones of the same type in a row, the second tone becomes long level high (if rising) or low (if falling).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Implicit sandhi ====&lt;br /&gt;
Implicit sandhi is unmarked and purely deduced from the phonetic composition of a word.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Tone harmony&#039;&#039;&#039; governs the interactions of light and heavy tones within a word.&lt;br /&gt;
** The harmonising tone is always the one present at the first syllable, bar an exception mentioned hereafter.&lt;br /&gt;
** Following vowels shift their tonality based on the weight of the harmonising tone (light with light, heavy with heavy).&lt;br /&gt;
*** eg. {{Cs|hsk|baXraF}} bààraá /baː˥˨raː˨˧/ [ba:˥˨ra:˧˥] (as if written &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|baXraZ}}&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;**bààráá&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
** Glottalised tones are considered heavy when serving as the harmonising tone. However, in non-initial positions, they are unaffected by tone harmony.&lt;br /&gt;
*** eg. {{Cs|hsk|beVHruF}} &#039;&#039;bèʼehruú&#039;&#039; /be:˥˨ˀxru:˨˧/ [be:˥˨ˀxru:˧˥] (as if written &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|beVHruZ}} **bèʼehrúú&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
** Level, convex and concave tones are transparent in that they are unaffected by harmony. In initial positions, they relegate the role of harmonising tone to the following syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
** In the event that harmony creates a sequence of tones of the same type, clamping applies but is not orthographic.&lt;br /&gt;
*** eg. {{Cs|hsk|lZHruF}} &#039;&#039;lóóhruú&#039;&#039; /lo:˧˥xru˨˧/ [lo:˧˥xru:˦] (as if written &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|lZHruZ}} **lóóhrúú&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|lZHruS}} **lóóhrúu&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Polysyllabic leveling&#039;&#039;&#039; regulates long sequences of contours within a word exceeding three syllables. In words that are tetrasyllabic or further, contours that aren&#039;t either at the first or last syllable become level (rising, concave &amp;gt; high; falling, convex &amp;gt; low).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Languages]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Regal_D%C3%B2n_Proper&amp;diff=10881</id>
		<title>Regal Dòn Proper</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Regal_D%C3%B2n_Proper&amp;diff=10881"/>
		<updated>2026-10-23T09:26:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: /* Phonology */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox language|name=Regal Dòn Proper|nativename={{cs|hsk|dN haGniXshiN naZshiNA}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Don Hàanììshin Nááshín&#039;&#039;|pronunciation=[dɤ̃˩ xa:˧˩ni:˩ʃĩ˩ naː˧˥ʃĩ˦]|states=Northwestern [[Anschuhe]]|ethnicity=[[Niishka people]]|speakers=|date=|speakers2=|familycolor=Hro-Don|fam2=Don|fam3=Western Don|fam4=|ancestor=[[Proto-Hro-Don language|Proto-Hro-Don]]|ancestor2=Proto-Don|ancestor3=|script=[[Lo script]], [[Hashka hieroglyphs]] (historical)|nation={{flag|RSS}}|lingua=|glottorefname=Regal Dòn Proper}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Regal Dòn Proper&#039;&#039;&#039; ({{cs|hsk|dN haGniXshiN naZshiNA}} &#039;&#039;Don Hàanììshin Nááshín&#039;&#039;), otherwise &#039;&#039;&#039;Regal Dòn&#039;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;&#039;Dòn Proper&#039;&#039;&#039; or simply &#039;&#039;&#039;Dòn&#039;&#039;&#039;, often abbreviated into &#039;&#039;&#039;RDP&#039;&#039;&#039;, is a [[Hro-Don languages|Hro-Don language]] of the [[Don languages|Don]] branch. Although not a vulgar language, a role filled by its various relatives (such as [[Outlands Dòn]], a sister to Regal Dòn), and being quite ancient (~1100 years old), it survives as the formal lingua franca of literature, religion and politics across the near-totality of the [[hashka]] populations of [[Anschuhe]]. It is of particular interest to linguists for its large toneme inventory and for being a non-hominin language (i.e. not originally spoken by either humans or [[Jötunn|jötnar]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although originally written with a complex logographic script ([[Hashka hieroglyphs]]), in an attempt to increase literacy rates across the [[RSS]], former queen [[Hàanìì Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin|Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin]], personally created the [[Lo script]] (from {{Cs|hsk|lF}} &#039;&#039;loó&#039;&#039; meaning &amp;quot;small&amp;quot;) in 4589 CY. This proved mildly effective, and since then the script has expanded to the rest of the continent, being adapted and modified to serve various hashka languages beyond RDP.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phonology ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Unvoiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Voiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Unvoiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Voiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Unvoiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Voiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039; /m/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|n N}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039; /n/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|q}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039; /ŋ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|p}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039; /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|b}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039; /b/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|t}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039; /t/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|d}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039; /d/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|k}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039; /k/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|g}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039; /g/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Labialised&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|kw}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039; /kʷ/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|gw}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039; /gʷ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|c}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039; /t͡ʃ/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039; /d͡ʒ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|f}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɸ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|s}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039; /s/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|z}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɬ/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|h H}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039; /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|r R}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039; /r/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|l L}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039; /l/&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039; /w/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|(/w/)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels (independent and appended to {{Cs|hsk|p}})&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Short&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Long&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Short&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Long&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Short&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Long&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Close&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|ii pi}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|uu pu}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039; /i/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ii&#039;&#039;&#039; /i:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uu&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Nasal&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|iiN piN}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|uuN puN}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039; /ĩ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iin&#039;&#039;&#039; /ĩ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯ̃ᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uun&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯ̃ᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Mid&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|ee pe}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|vv pv}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|o p}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039; /e/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ee&#039;&#039;&#039; /e:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;vv&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;oo&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Nasal&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|eeN peN}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|vvN pvN}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|o pN}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;en&#039;&#039;&#039; /ẽ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;een&#039;&#039;&#039; /ẽ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;vn&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə̃/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;vvn&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə̃:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;on&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤ̃ᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;oon&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤ̃ᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Open&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|aa pa}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; /a/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;aa&#039;&#039;&#039; /a:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Nasal&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|aaN paN}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039; /ã/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;aan&#039;&#039;&#039; /ã:/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Tones&lt;br /&gt;
!Length&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Glyph&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Short&lt;br /&gt;
|Atonal&lt;br /&gt;
|Varies&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|A}}&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; |Long&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|D}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|S}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|F}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|G}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|Z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|X}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àà&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|C}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aʼá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|V}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àʼa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Convex&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˥˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|B}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áà&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Concave&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|M}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àá&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Syllable structure ===&lt;br /&gt;
The general syllable structure of RDP is (x)CV(E) where E may be a liquid or /x/. Vowels always carry a tone, even if classified as &amp;quot;atonal,&amp;quot; as atonal vowels are affected by sandhi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sandhi ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sandhi in RDP can be divided into two categories: &#039;&#039;explicit&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;orthographic sandhi&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;implicit&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;phonetic sandhi&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Explicit sandhi ====&lt;br /&gt;
Explicit sandhi is marked orthographically as a change in the tone of a word. This mostly affects atonal vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Connecting rule&#039;&#039;&#039;: this rule governs how atonal vowels behave.&lt;br /&gt;
** 1. If an atonal vowel is in the first syllable of a word, it may be realised as low. This may also be the case if the word is monosyllabic.&lt;br /&gt;
** 2. If an atonal vowel is not in the first syllable of a word, it may take on different forms depending on the preceding syllable&#039;s tone:&lt;br /&gt;
*** If an atonal vowel is preceded by a high, concave or any rising tone, it may be realised as high.&lt;br /&gt;
*** If an atonal vowel is preceded by a low, convex or any falling tone, it may be realised as low.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Clamping rule&#039;&#039;&#039;: this rule governs how contours behave when surrounded by other contours. If a word contains two rising or falling tones of the same type in a row, the second tone becomes long level high (if rising) or low (if falling).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Implicit sandhi ====&lt;br /&gt;
Implicit sandhi is unmarked and purely deduced from the phonetic composition of a word.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Tone harmony&#039;&#039;&#039; governs the interactions of light and heavy tones within a word.&lt;br /&gt;
** The harmonising tone is always the one present at the first syllable, bar an exception mentioned hereafter.&lt;br /&gt;
** Following vowels shift their tonality based on the weight of the harmonising tone (light with light, heavy with heavy).&lt;br /&gt;
*** eg. {{Cs|hsk|baXraF}} bààraá /baː˥˨raː˨˧/ [ba:˥˨ra:˧˥] (as if written &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|baXraZ}}&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;**bààráá&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
** Glottalised tones are considered heavy when serving as the harmonising tone. However, in non-initial positions, they are unaffected by tone harmony.&lt;br /&gt;
*** eg. {{Cs|hsk|beVHruF}} &#039;&#039;bèʼehruú&#039;&#039; /be:˥˨ˀxru:˨˧/ [be:˥˨ˀxru:˧˥] (as if written &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|beVHruZ}} **bèʼehrúú&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
** Level, convex and concave tones are transparent in that they are unaffected by harmony. In initial positions, they relegate the role of harmonising tone to the following syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
** In the event that harmony creates a sequence of tones of the same type, clamping applies but is not orthographic.&lt;br /&gt;
*** eg. {{Cs|hsk|lZHruF}} &#039;&#039;lóóhruú&#039;&#039; /lo:˧˥xru˨˧/ [lo:˧˥xru:˦] (as if written &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|lZHruZ}} **lóóhrúú&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|lZHruS}} **lóóhrúu&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Polysyllabic leveling&#039;&#039;&#039; regulates long sequences of contours within a word exceeding three syllables. In words that are tetrasyllabic or further, contours that aren&#039;t either at the first or last syllable become level (rising, concave &amp;gt; high; falling, convex &amp;gt; low).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Languages]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Regal_D%C3%B2n_Proper&amp;diff=10880</id>
		<title>Regal Dòn Proper</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Regal_D%C3%B2n_Proper&amp;diff=10880"/>
		<updated>2026-10-23T09:26:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: /* Phonology */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox language|name=Regal Dòn Proper|nativename={{cs|hsk|dN haGniXshiN naZshiNA}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Don Hàanììshin Nááshín&#039;&#039;|pronunciation=[dɤ̃˩ xa:˧˩ni:˩ʃĩ˩ naː˧˥ʃĩ˦]|states=Northwestern [[Anschuhe]]|ethnicity=[[Niishka people]]|speakers=|date=|speakers2=|familycolor=Hro-Don|fam2=Don|fam3=Western Don|fam4=|ancestor=[[Proto-Hro-Don language|Proto-Hro-Don]]|ancestor2=Proto-Don|ancestor3=|script=[[Lo script]], [[Hashka hieroglyphs]] (historical)|nation={{flag|RSS}}|lingua=|glottorefname=Regal Dòn Proper}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Regal Dòn Proper&#039;&#039;&#039; ({{cs|hsk|dN haGniXshiN naZshiNA}} &#039;&#039;Don Hàanììshin Nááshín&#039;&#039;), otherwise &#039;&#039;&#039;Regal Dòn&#039;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;&#039;Dòn Proper&#039;&#039;&#039; or simply &#039;&#039;&#039;Dòn&#039;&#039;&#039;, often abbreviated into &#039;&#039;&#039;RDP&#039;&#039;&#039;, is a [[Hro-Don languages|Hro-Don language]] of the [[Don languages|Don]] branch. Although not a vulgar language, a role filled by its various relatives (such as [[Outlands Dòn]], a sister to Regal Dòn), and being quite ancient (~1100 years old), it survives as the formal lingua franca of literature, religion and politics across the near-totality of the [[hashka]] populations of [[Anschuhe]]. It is of particular interest to linguists for its large toneme inventory and for being a non-hominin language (i.e. not originally spoken by either humans or [[Jötunn|jötnar]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although originally written with a complex logographic script ([[Hashka hieroglyphs]]), in an attempt to increase literacy rates across the [[RSS]], former queen [[Hàanìì Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin|Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin]], personally created the [[Lo script]] (from {{Cs|hsk|lF}} &#039;&#039;loó&#039;&#039; meaning &amp;quot;small&amp;quot;) in 4589 CY. This proved mildly effective, and since then the script has expanded to the rest of the continent, being adapted and modified to serve various hashka languages beyond RDP.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phonology ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Unvoiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Voiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Unvoiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Voiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Unvoiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Voiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039; /m/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|n N}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039; /n/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|q}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039; /ŋ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|p}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039; /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|b}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039; /b/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|t}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039; /t/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|d}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039; /d/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|k}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039; /k/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|g}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039; /g/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Labialised&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|kw}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039; /kʷ/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|gw}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039; /gʷ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|c}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039; /t͡ʃ/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039; /d͡ʒ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|f}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɸ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|s}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039; /s/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|z}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɬ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|h H}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039; /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|r R}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039; /r/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|l L}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039; /l/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039; /w/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|(/w/)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels (independent and appended to {{Cs|hsk|p}})&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Short&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Long&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Short&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Long&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Short&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Long&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Close&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|ii pi}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|uu pu}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039; /i/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ii&#039;&#039;&#039; /i:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uu&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Nasal&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|iiN piN}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|uuN puN}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039; /ĩ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iin&#039;&#039;&#039; /ĩ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯ̃ᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uun&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯ̃ᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Mid&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|ee pe}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|vv pv}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|o p}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039; /e/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ee&#039;&#039;&#039; /e:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;vv&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;oo&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Nasal&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|eeN peN}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|vvN pvN}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|o pN}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;en&#039;&#039;&#039; /ẽ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;een&#039;&#039;&#039; /ẽ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;vn&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə̃/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;vvn&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə̃:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;on&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤ̃ᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;oon&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤ̃ᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Open&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|aa pa}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; /a/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;aa&#039;&#039;&#039; /a:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Nasal&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|aaN paN}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039; /ã/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;aan&#039;&#039;&#039; /ã:/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Tones&lt;br /&gt;
!Length&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Glyph&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Short&lt;br /&gt;
|Atonal&lt;br /&gt;
|Varies&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|A}}&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; |Long&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|D}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|S}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|F}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|G}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|Z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|X}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àà&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|C}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aʼá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|V}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àʼa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Convex&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˥˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|B}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áà&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Concave&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|M}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àá&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Syllable structure ===&lt;br /&gt;
The general syllable structure of RDP is (x)CV(E) where E may be a liquid or /x/. Vowels always carry a tone, even if classified as &amp;quot;atonal,&amp;quot; as atonal vowels are affected by sandhi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sandhi ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sandhi in RDP can be divided into two categories: &#039;&#039;explicit&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;orthographic sandhi&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;implicit&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;phonetic sandhi&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Explicit sandhi ====&lt;br /&gt;
Explicit sandhi is marked orthographically as a change in the tone of a word. This mostly affects atonal vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Connecting rule&#039;&#039;&#039;: this rule governs how atonal vowels behave.&lt;br /&gt;
** 1. If an atonal vowel is in the first syllable of a word, it may be realised as low. This may also be the case if the word is monosyllabic.&lt;br /&gt;
** 2. If an atonal vowel is not in the first syllable of a word, it may take on different forms depending on the preceding syllable&#039;s tone:&lt;br /&gt;
*** If an atonal vowel is preceded by a high, concave or any rising tone, it may be realised as high.&lt;br /&gt;
*** If an atonal vowel is preceded by a low, convex or any falling tone, it may be realised as low.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Clamping rule&#039;&#039;&#039;: this rule governs how contours behave when surrounded by other contours. If a word contains two rising or falling tones of the same type in a row, the second tone becomes long level high (if rising) or low (if falling).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Implicit sandhi ====&lt;br /&gt;
Implicit sandhi is unmarked and purely deduced from the phonetic composition of a word.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Tone harmony&#039;&#039;&#039; governs the interactions of light and heavy tones within a word.&lt;br /&gt;
** The harmonising tone is always the one present at the first syllable, bar an exception mentioned hereafter.&lt;br /&gt;
** Following vowels shift their tonality based on the weight of the harmonising tone (light with light, heavy with heavy).&lt;br /&gt;
*** eg. {{Cs|hsk|baXraF}} bààraá /baː˥˨raː˨˧/ [ba:˥˨ra:˧˥] (as if written &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|baXraZ}}&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;**bààráá&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
** Glottalised tones are considered heavy when serving as the harmonising tone. However, in non-initial positions, they are unaffected by tone harmony.&lt;br /&gt;
*** eg. {{Cs|hsk|beVHruF}} &#039;&#039;bèʼehruú&#039;&#039; /be:˥˨ˀxru:˨˧/ [be:˥˨ˀxru:˧˥] (as if written &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|beVHruZ}} **bèʼehrúú&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
** Level, convex and concave tones are transparent in that they are unaffected by harmony. In initial positions, they relegate the role of harmonising tone to the following syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
** In the event that harmony creates a sequence of tones of the same type, clamping applies but is not orthographic.&lt;br /&gt;
*** eg. {{Cs|hsk|lZHruF}} &#039;&#039;lóóhruú&#039;&#039; /lo:˧˥xru˨˧/ [lo:˧˥xru:˦] (as if written &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|lZHruZ}} **lóóhrúú&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|lZHruS}} **lóóhrúu&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Polysyllabic leveling&#039;&#039;&#039; regulates long sequences of contours within a word exceeding three syllables. In words that are tetrasyllabic or further, contours that aren&#039;t either at the first or last syllable become level (rising, concave &amp;gt; high; falling, convex &amp;gt; low).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Languages]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10879</id>
		<title>Sveltewolf</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10879"/>
		<updated>2026-10-23T09:17:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: /* Haschinae */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Automatic taxobox&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Sveltewolves&lt;br /&gt;
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|21|0}} [[Early Miocene]] – recent&lt;br /&gt;
| image = Hashkadiversity.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption = One example from each extant genus of Haschidae, clockwise from upper left: etzavazi sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039;), large-footed tree hyena (&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039;), ashnan sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039;), and [[hashka]] (&#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
| taxon = Haschidae&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus = &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus_authority = F.&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision = * &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschinae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Orthohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Plesicyoninae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Sveltewolves&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈsvɛltwʊlvz/ &#039;&#039;SVELT-wolves&#039;&#039;, /-tə-/ &#039;&#039;SVEL-tə-wolves&#039;&#039;) are [[Wikipedia:Feliform|feliform]] [[Wikipedia:Carnivoran|carnivoran]] mammals belonging to the [[Wikipedia:Family (taxonomy)|family]] &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈhaskɪdiː/ &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Latin pronunciation:&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; [ˈas.ki.dɛː]). It is a large and varied family of mostly crepuscular to nocturnal, small-animal predators distributed across [[Nkungu]], [[Etzavaz]] and southern coastal [[Ashnan]]. [[Hashka]] are the only extant members in [[Anschuhe]], even though they, too, are native to Ashnan, and were displaced out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Wikipedia:Phylogenetics|Phylogenetically]], sveltewolves are [[Wikipedia:herpestoidea|herpestoideans]] most closely related to the [[Wikipedia:hyena|hyenas]] of Nkungu and Etzavaz, of which the [[Wikipedia:aardwolf|aardwolf]] is the closest relative. Behaviourally, however, sveltewolves are closer to small canid species such as [[Wikipedia:fox|foxes]], with the major exception of the [[tree hyena]], which behaves similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Red panda|red panda]], and [[hashka]], which occupy a similar niche to [[Wikipedia:human|humans]] and [[Jötunn|jötnar]] as a sapient species.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phylogeny ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origins ===&lt;br /&gt;
Haschidae evolved from a common ancestor with [[Wikipedia:Hyena|hyaenids]] in the early [[Wikipedia:Miocene|Miocene]], around 21 million years ago. This ancestor physically resembled more basal hyenas such as the [[Wikipedia:Aardwolf|aardwolf]] and eventually went on to fill a similar niche outside of [[Nkungu]] as omnivores, never evolving the bite strength or bone-crushing capabilities of [[Wikipedia:Hyaeninae|Hyaeninae]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Plesicyoninae ===&lt;br /&gt;
Plesicyoninae are the subfamily closest to the basal sveltewolves. There are two distinct genera of Plesicyoninae: [[Paraproteles]], the aardwolf-like sveltewolves, and [[Plesicyon]], which mostly covers species found on [[Ashnan]]. This latter genus is characterised by a more slender body plan and semi-migratory tendencies, moving towards the coast during mating season and inland for the rest of the year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Haschinae ===&lt;br /&gt;
The common ancestor of the [[Haschinae]] was the thieving sveltewolf ([[Euhascha pseudocrocuta|&#039;&#039;Euhascha pseudocrocuta&#039;&#039;]]), a highly social, large sveltewolf that evolved somewhat similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Spotted hyena|spotted hyena]] as a carrion-eater taking advantage of wolf kills while also supplementing its diet with fruits, which explains its later omnivory. They eventually evolved tree-climbing as an escape strategy, which led to more fruit entering their diet as it was more easily accessible. This newfound frugivory, compounded by their tree-climbing behaviour, led to them evolving opposable pseudo-thumbs, descended from index fingers. The lineage leading to [[hashka]] eventually gained the cognitive abilities to create tools and fire, and led to their sapience around 60,000 years ago, during the late [[Wikipedia:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phylogenetic tree ===&lt;br /&gt;
{{clade|{{clade&lt;br /&gt;
  |label1=[[Plesicyoninae]] (Land-dwelling sveltewolves)&lt;br /&gt;
  |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039; (etzavazi sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039; (egg-stealing sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039; (ashnan sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039; (red sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |3=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon crinatus]]&#039;&#039; (greater sveltewolf) &lt;br /&gt;
        |4=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon glaucus]]&#039;&#039; (boreal sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }}&lt;br /&gt;
  |label2=[[Haschinae]] (Tree-dwelling sveltewolves and hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
  |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Hashka|Orthohascha garrula]]&#039;&#039; (hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039; (large-footed tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha latrans]]&#039;&#039; (barking tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }} }}|style=font-size:80%; line-height:80%|label1=&#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Characteristics ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Physical characteristics ===&lt;br /&gt;
Although sveltewolves are highly varied, some common physical characteristics can be observed. Most sveltewolves, with the exception of the red sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039;), tend to have muted, desaturated coat colours ranging in the greys, blacks, whites and browns. These coats tend to darken around the face and neck, limbs, and the ends of their tails. The lighter-coloured areas are usually covered in faint stripes. They are endowed with manes, which in some species extend around the entirety of the neck, and are softer than the coarser fur around the rest of the body. This mane can be used in communication through piloerection. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolf ears tend to be large and round-tipped, their noses somewhat flatter than those of [[Wikipedia:Canid|canids]], and their necks more elongated than those of their hyena relatives. Their tails are usually slim and tipped with bristle-like fluff which may, like the mane, also piloerect as an emotional response. Their tongues are strikingly cat-like, with noticeable backwards-facing spines along the upper surface.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Haschinae]], the forest tree-dwelling subfamily including [[hashka]], are highly divergent while also retaining some features from their land-dwelling relatives. They possess opposable pseudo-thumbs evolved from the ancestral index finger. Although not as dextrous as those of [[Wikipedia:Primate|primates]], they still allow for enough complex manipulation in hashka to grasp, make tools, write, etc., and in [[Nemohascha]] to grasp branches and fruit. Their tails also tend to be bigger, meatier, and more articulated, although in hashka they are greatly reduced, as they have not contributed to their balance for several hundred thousand years. It is theorised that hashka have retained their arguably vestigial tails for the purposes of emoting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Behaviour ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves, with the exception of [[hashka]], generally feed on small animals, insects, and eggs. Some species may specialise their diets further, such as the egg-stealing sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039;), or the members of genus [[Nemohascha]], which primarily feed on fruit and bird eggs. They are tendentially [[Wikipedia:Sociality#Solitary but social|solitary-but-social]], only demonstrating higher sociality in members of the [[Haschinae]] subfamily, all of whom mate for life. On average, sveltewolves live about twenty to thirty years, with, again, the exception of hashka, who live up to eighty. Communication (not counting hashka&#039;s complex languages) usually consists of &amp;quot;giggles&amp;quot; (laugh-like vocalisations noticeably not as raucous as those of [[Wikipedia:Spotted hyena|spotted hyenas]]), guttural barks and growls, and chuffs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reproductive strategies vary by genus; [[Paraproteles]] members mate through the wet season, meeting occasionally but never remaining with one mate for life. [[Plesicyon]] members instead follow a migratory pattern, moving towards the warmer southern coasts during the spring and remaining in the cooler inland portions of [[Ashnan]] the rest of the year. [[Haschinae]] in general tend to mate for life, with the female taking a dominant role and serving as the matriarch figure in a family unit. Hashka follow this pattern, and have indeed extrapolated it into a fully hierarchical, complex, matriarchal family unit system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Relationships with humans and hashka ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Folklore, mythology and literature ===&lt;br /&gt;
{hey, y&#039;all, please fill this out with cultural notes and mythology about sveltewolves in your cultures}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Attacks ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves in general, due to their skittish and solitary nature, rarely if ever attack unprovoked, and very few attested deaths can be attributed to them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== In popular culture ===&lt;br /&gt;
{same as folklore section}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sveltewolves]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Anschuhe]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Regal_D%C3%B2n_Proper&amp;diff=10878</id>
		<title>Regal Dòn Proper</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Regal_D%C3%B2n_Proper&amp;diff=10878"/>
		<updated>2026-10-23T09:01:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox language|name=Regal Dòn Proper|nativename={{cs|hsk|dN haGniXshiN naZshiNA}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Don Hàanììshin Nááshín&#039;&#039;|pronunciation=[dɤ̃˩ xa:˧˩ni:˩ʃĩ˩ naː˧˥ʃĩ˦]|states=Northwestern [[Anschuhe]]|ethnicity=[[Niishka people]]|speakers=|date=|speakers2=|familycolor=Hro-Don|fam2=Don|fam3=Western Don|fam4=|ancestor=[[Proto-Hro-Don language|Proto-Hro-Don]]|ancestor2=Proto-Don|ancestor3=|script=[[Lo script]], [[Hashka hieroglyphs]] (historical)|nation={{flag|RSS}}|lingua=|glottorefname=Regal Dòn Proper}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Regal Dòn Proper&#039;&#039;&#039; ({{cs|hsk|dN haGniXshiN naZshiNA}} &#039;&#039;Don Hàanììshin Nááshín&#039;&#039;), otherwise &#039;&#039;&#039;Regal Dòn&#039;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;&#039;Dòn Proper&#039;&#039;&#039; or simply &#039;&#039;&#039;Dòn&#039;&#039;&#039;, often abbreviated into &#039;&#039;&#039;RDP&#039;&#039;&#039;, is a [[Hro-Don languages|Hro-Don language]] of the [[Don languages|Don]] branch. Although not a vulgar language, a role filled by its various relatives (such as [[Outlands Dòn]], a sister to Regal Dòn), and being quite ancient (~1100 years old), it survives as the formal lingua franca of literature, religion and politics across the near-totality of the [[hashka]] populations of [[Anschuhe]]. It is of particular interest to linguists for its large toneme inventory and for being a non-hominin language (i.e. not originally spoken by either humans or [[Jötunn|jötnar]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although originally written with a complex logographic script ([[Hashka hieroglyphs]]), in an attempt to increase literacy rates across the [[RSS]], former queen [[Hàanìì Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin|Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin]], personally created the [[Lo script]] (from {{Cs|hsk|lF}} &#039;&#039;loó&#039;&#039; meaning &amp;quot;small&amp;quot;) in 4589 CY. This proved mildly effective, and since then the script has expanded to the rest of the continent, being adapted and modified to serve various hashka languages beyond RDP.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phonology ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Unvoiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Voiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Unvoiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Voiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Unvoiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Voiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039; /m/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|n N}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039; /n/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|q}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039; /ŋ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|p}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039; /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|b}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039; /b/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|t}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039; /t/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|d}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039; /d/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|k}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039; /k/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|g}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039; /g/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Labialised&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|kw}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039; /kʷ/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|gw}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039; /gʷ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|t}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039; /t͡ʃ/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039; /d͡ʒ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|f}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɸ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|s}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039; /s/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|z}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɬ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|h H}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039; /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|r R}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039; /r/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|l L}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039; /l/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039; /w/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|(/w/)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels (independent and appended to {{Cs|hsk|p}})&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Short&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Long&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Short&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Long&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Short&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Long&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Close&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|ii pi}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|uu pu}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039; /i/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ii&#039;&#039;&#039; /i:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uu&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Nasal&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|iiN piN}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|uuN puN}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039; /ĩ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iin&#039;&#039;&#039; /ĩ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯ̃ᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uun&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯ̃ᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Mid&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|ee pe}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|vv pv}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|o p}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039; /e/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ee&#039;&#039;&#039; /e:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;vv&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;oo&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Nasal&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|eeN peN}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|vvN pvN}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|o pN}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;en&#039;&#039;&#039; /ẽ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;een&#039;&#039;&#039; /ẽ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;vn&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə̃/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;vvn&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə̃:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;on&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤ̃ᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;oon&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤ̃ᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Open&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|aa pa}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; /a/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;aa&#039;&#039;&#039; /a:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Nasal&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|aaN paN}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039; /ã/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;aan&#039;&#039;&#039; /ã:/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Tones&lt;br /&gt;
!Length&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Glyph&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Short&lt;br /&gt;
|Atonal&lt;br /&gt;
|Varies&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|A}}&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; |Long&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|D}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|S}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|F}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|G}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|Z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|X}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àà&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|C}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aʼá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|V}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àʼa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Convex&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˥˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|B}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áà&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Concave&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|M}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àá&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Syllable structure ===&lt;br /&gt;
The general syllable structure of RDP is (x)CV(E) where E may be a liquid or /x/. Vowels always carry a tone, even if classified as &amp;quot;atonal,&amp;quot; as atonal vowels are affected by sandhi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sandhi ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sandhi in RDP can be divided into two categories: &#039;&#039;explicit&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;orthographic sandhi&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;implicit&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;phonetic sandhi&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Explicit sandhi ====&lt;br /&gt;
Explicit sandhi is marked orthographically as a change in the tone of a word. This mostly affects atonal vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Connecting rule&#039;&#039;&#039;: this rule governs how atonal vowels behave.&lt;br /&gt;
** 1. If an atonal vowel is in the first syllable of a word, it may be realised as low. This may also be the case if the word is monosyllabic.&lt;br /&gt;
** 2. If an atonal vowel is not in the first syllable of a word, it may take on different forms depending on the preceding syllable&#039;s tone:&lt;br /&gt;
*** If an atonal vowel is preceded by a high, concave or any rising tone, it may be realised as high.&lt;br /&gt;
*** If an atonal vowel is preceded by a low, convex or any falling tone, it may be realised as low.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Clamping rule&#039;&#039;&#039;: this rule governs how contours behave when surrounded by other contours. If a word contains two rising or falling tones of the same type in a row, the second tone becomes long level high (if rising) or low (if falling).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Implicit sandhi ====&lt;br /&gt;
Implicit sandhi is unmarked and purely deduced from the phonetic composition of a word.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Tone harmony&#039;&#039;&#039; governs the interactions of light and heavy tones within a word.&lt;br /&gt;
** The harmonising tone is always the one present at the first syllable, bar an exception mentioned hereafter.&lt;br /&gt;
** Following vowels shift their tonality based on the weight of the harmonising tone (light with light, heavy with heavy).&lt;br /&gt;
*** eg. {{Cs|hsk|baXraF}} bààraá /baː˥˨raː˨˧/ [ba:˥˨ra:˧˥] (as if written &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|baXraZ}}&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;**bààráá&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
** Glottalised tones are considered heavy when serving as the harmonising tone. However, in non-initial positions, they are unaffected by tone harmony.&lt;br /&gt;
*** eg. {{Cs|hsk|beVHruF}} &#039;&#039;bèʼehruú&#039;&#039; /be:˥˨ˀxru:˨˧/ [be:˥˨ˀxru:˧˥] (as if written &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|beVHruZ}} **bèʼehrúú&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
** Level, convex and concave tones are transparent in that they are unaffected by harmony. In initial positions, they relegate the role of harmonising tone to the following syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
** In the event that harmony creates a sequence of tones of the same type, clamping applies but is not orthographic.&lt;br /&gt;
*** eg. {{Cs|hsk|lZHruF}} &#039;&#039;lóóhruú&#039;&#039; /lo:˧˥xru˨˧/ [lo:˧˥xru:˦] (as if written &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|lZHruZ}} **lóóhrúú&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|lZHruS}} **lóóhrúu&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Polysyllabic leveling&#039;&#039;&#039; regulates long sequences of contours within a word exceeding three syllables. In words that are tetrasyllabic or further, contours that aren&#039;t either at the first or last syllable become level (rising, concave &amp;gt; high; falling, convex &amp;gt; low).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Languages]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Regal_D%C3%B2n_Proper&amp;diff=10877</id>
		<title>Regal Dòn Proper</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Regal_D%C3%B2n_Proper&amp;diff=10877"/>
		<updated>2026-10-18T20:28:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: /* Implicit sandhi */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox language|name=Regal Dòn Proper|nativename={{cs|hsk|dN haGniXshiN naZshiNA}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Don Hàanììshin Nááshín&#039;&#039;|pronunciation=[dɤ̃˩ xa:˧˩ni:˩ʃĩ˩ naː˧˥ʃĩ˦]|states=Northwestern [[Anschuhe]]|ethnicity=[[Niishka people]]|speakers=|date=|speakers2=|familycolor=Hro-Don|fam2=Don|fam3=Western Don|fam4=|ancestor=[[Proto-Hro-Don language|Proto-Hro-Don]]|ancestor2=Proto-Don|ancestor3=|script=[[Lo script]], [[Hashka hieroglyphs]] (historical)|nation={{flag|RSS}}|lingua=|glottorefname=Regal Dòn Proper}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Regal Dòn Proper&#039;&#039;&#039; ({{cs|hsk|dN haGniXshiN naZshiNA}} &#039;&#039;Don Hàanììshin Nááshín&#039;&#039;), otherwise &#039;&#039;&#039;Regal Dòn&#039;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;&#039;Dòn Proper&#039;&#039;&#039; or simply &#039;&#039;&#039;Dòn&#039;&#039;&#039;, often abbreviated into &#039;&#039;&#039;RDP&#039;&#039;&#039;, is a [[Hro-Don languages|Hro-Don language]] of the [[Don languages|Don]] branch. Although not a vulgar language, a role filled by its various relatives (such as [[Outlands Dòn]], a sister to Regal Dòn), and being quite ancient (~1100 years old), it survives as the formal lingua franca of literature, religion and politics across the near-totality of the [[hashka]] populations of [[Anschuhe]]. It is of particular interest to linguists for its large toneme inventory and for being a non-hominin language (i.e. not originally spoken by either humans or [[Jötunn|jötnar]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although originally written with a complex logographic script ([[Hashka hieroglyphs]]), in an attempt to increase literacy rates across the [[RSS]], former queen [[Hàanìì Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin|Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin]], personally created the [[Lo script]] (from {{Cs|hsk|lF}} &#039;&#039;loó&#039;&#039; meaning &amp;quot;small&amp;quot;) in 4589 CY. This proved mildly effective, and since then the script has expanded to the rest of the continent, being adapted and modified to serve various hashka languages beyond RDP.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phonology ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Unvoiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Voiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Unvoiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Voiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Unvoiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Voiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039; /m/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|n N}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039; /n/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|q}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039; /ŋ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|p}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039; /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|b}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039; /b/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|t}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039; /t/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|d}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039; /d/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|k}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039; /k/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|g}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039; /g/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Labialised&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|kw}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039; /kʷ/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|gw}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039; /gʷ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|t}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039; /t͡ʃ/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039; /d͡ʒ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|f}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɸ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|s}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039; /s/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|z}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɬ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|h H}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039; /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|r R}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039; /r/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|l L}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039; /l/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039; /w/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|(/w/)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels (independent and appended to {{Cs|hsk|p}})&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Short&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Long&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Short&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Long&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Short&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Long&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Close&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|ii pi}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|uu pu}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039; /i/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ii&#039;&#039;&#039; /i:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uu&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Nasal&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|iiN piN}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|uuN puN}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039; /ĩ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iin&#039;&#039;&#039; /ĩ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯ̃ᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uun&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯ̃ᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Mid&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|ee pe}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|vv pv}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|o p}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039; /e/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ee&#039;&#039;&#039; /e:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;vv&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;oo&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Nasal&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|eeN peN}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|vvN pvN}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|o pN}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;en&#039;&#039;&#039; /ẽ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;een&#039;&#039;&#039; /ẽ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;vn&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə̃/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;vvn&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə̃:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;on&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤ̃ᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uun&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤ̃ᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Open&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|aa pa}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; /a/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;aa&#039;&#039;&#039; /a:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Nasal&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|aaN paN}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039; /ã/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;aan&#039;&#039;&#039; /ã:/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Tones&lt;br /&gt;
!Length&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Glyph&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Short&lt;br /&gt;
|Atonal&lt;br /&gt;
|Varies&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|A}}&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; |Long&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|D}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|S}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|F}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|G}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|Z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|X}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àà&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|C}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aʼá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|V}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àʼa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Convex&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˥˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|B}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áà&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Concave&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|M}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àá&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Syllable structure ===&lt;br /&gt;
The general syllable structure of RDP is (x)CV(E) where E may be a liquid or /x/. Vowels always carry a tone, even if classified as &amp;quot;atonal,&amp;quot; as atonal vowels are affected by sandhi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sandhi ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sandhi in RDP can be divided into two categories: &#039;&#039;explicit&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;orthographic sandhi&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;implicit&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;phonetic sandhi&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Explicit sandhi ====&lt;br /&gt;
Explicit sandhi is marked orthographically as a change in the tone of a word. This mostly affects atonal vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Connecting rule&#039;&#039;&#039;: this rule governs how atonal vowels behave.&lt;br /&gt;
** 1. If an atonal vowel is in the first syllable of a word, it may be realised as low. This may also be the case if the word is monosyllabic.&lt;br /&gt;
** 2. If an atonal vowel is not in the first syllable of a word, it may take on different forms depending on the preceding syllable&#039;s tone:&lt;br /&gt;
*** If an atonal vowel is preceded by a high, concave or any rising tone, it may be realised as high.&lt;br /&gt;
*** If an atonal vowel is preceded by a low, convex or any falling tone, it may be realised as low.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Clamping rule&#039;&#039;&#039;: this rule governs how contours behave when surrounded by other contours. If a word contains two rising or falling tones of the same type in a row, the second tone becomes long level high (if rising) or low (if falling).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Implicit sandhi ====&lt;br /&gt;
Implicit sandhi is unmarked and purely deduced from the phonetic composition of a word.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Tone harmony&#039;&#039;&#039; governs the interactions of light and heavy tones within a word.&lt;br /&gt;
** The harmonising tone is always the one present at the first syllable, bar an exception mentioned hereafter.&lt;br /&gt;
** Following vowels shift their tonality based on the weight of the harmonising tone (light with light, heavy with heavy).&lt;br /&gt;
*** eg. {{Cs|hsk|baXraF}} bààraá /baː˥˨raː˨˧/ [ba:˥˨ra:˧˥] (as if written &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|baXraZ}}&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;**bààráá&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
** Glottalised tones are considered heavy when serving as the harmonising tone. However, in non-initial positions, they are unaffected by tone harmony.&lt;br /&gt;
*** eg. {{Cs|hsk|beVHruF}} &#039;&#039;bèʼehruú&#039;&#039; /be:˥˨ˀxru:˨˧/ [be:˥˨ˀxru:˧˥] (as if written &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|beVHruZ}} **bèʼehrúú&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
** Level, convex and concave tones are transparent in that they are unaffected by harmony. In initial positions, they relegate the role of harmonising tone to the following syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
** In the event that harmony creates a sequence of tones of the same type, clamping applies but is not orthographic.&lt;br /&gt;
*** eg. {{Cs|hsk|lZHruF}} &#039;&#039;lóóhruú&#039;&#039; /lo:˧˥xru˨˧/ [lo:˧˥xru:˦] (as if written &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|lZHruZ}} **lóóhrúú&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|lZHruS}} **lóóhrúu&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Polysyllabic leveling&#039;&#039;&#039; regulates long sequences of contours within a word exceeding three syllables. In words that are tetrasyllabic or further, contours that aren&#039;t either at the first or last syllable become level (rising, concave &amp;gt; high; falling, convex &amp;gt; low).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Languages]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_and_dependencies&amp;diff=10738</id>
		<title>List of countries and dependencies</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_and_dependencies&amp;diff=10738"/>
		<updated>2026-10-07T01:21:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: /* Sovereign states */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This is a &#039;&#039;&#039;list of all the countries and dependencies/territories&#039;&#039;&#039; on Jotunnheim.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Sovereign states==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |State&lt;br /&gt;
!Native name(s)&lt;br /&gt;
!Capital&lt;br /&gt;
!Population&lt;br /&gt;
!Surface area&lt;br /&gt;
!Continent&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Abduscho.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Åbduscho]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Duchy of Åbduscho}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|ab-dy-sho}} Åbduscho&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|kry-fon-rós-ab-dy-sho}} Kruvonrooss Åbduscho}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Koovduusch]]&lt;br /&gt;
|262,033&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|7082|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Afa_flag_(1).png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Afa]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Afa}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Àfa&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Nyamu]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; {{small|Àgbà Àfa}} &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;Àpa&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Nganka language|Nganka]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; {{small|Àpaŋgą̀w}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Biamujula]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Agisia_flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Agisia]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Republic of Agisia}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|vrt|agiṣoo}} Agiṣov&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Agisian language|Agisian]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|vrt|zeźuz agiṣook}} Zeźuz Agiṣovk}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Hosjutz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|14,491,109&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|165537|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Ardashu]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Princely Republic of Ardashu}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Adžašų&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Sheuvurnic language|Sheuvurnic]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kųtetytų Makrųčatus Adžašų}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-of-Athsud.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Athsud]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Athsud}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;?&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Athsudan language|Athsudan]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Ōzšūkad Zufitjadōfnā}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Azalchet.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Azalchet]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Princedom of Azalchet}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Ažaltšeto&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Azaldian language|Azaldian]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; {{small|Makrōstasē Ažaltšetotas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|X&lt;br /&gt;
|41,563,202&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Barkasche.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Barkasche]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Principality of Barkasche}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;?&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dröövache Parutschan language|Dröövache Parutschan]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|?}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|br-k-she}} Barkasche&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|trnzh-ky-rós-br-k-she}} Tranzküröös Barkasche}}&lt;br /&gt;
|?&lt;br /&gt;
|95,430&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|4338|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:BaroFlag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Baro]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|State of Baro}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|dhm|pa%ro}} &#039;&#039;Páro&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Baro language|Baro]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|canaka%sto jo pa%ro}} Hanakásto yo Páro}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Bunsjong.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Bunsjong]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Shaadom of Bunsjong}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Búnsjoŋ&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Sjonge language|Sjonge]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Sjaagjiŋ Búnsjoŋ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Buuschotsch.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Buuschotsch]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Republic of Buuschotsch}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|bý-shoch}} Buuschotsch&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|a-myr-chrós-bý-shoch}} Åmurtschrooss Buuschotsch}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|44,107&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|3151|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Bomakwodor_flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Bomakwodor]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Unified Dzuma Kingdom of Bomakwodor}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Bòmákwɔ́dɔ́&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dzuma language|Dzuma]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; {{small|má Dzṹmánàkɔ́ Déyí Bòmákwɔ́dɔ́}} &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Bayingan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:CER flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Central Etzavazi Republic]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Vertjožyn Řačalij Eżavaši&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Talozhi language|Talozhi]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Vertiožyn Dziačali Egiavasi&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Mesvadi language|Mesvadi]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Ṭeilyda Ezyavazyda Vertyozyin&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Kagatoni language|Kagatoni]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Mezhdeg]]&lt;br /&gt;
|116,807,000&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|1138328|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Chioq.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Chiöq]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Chiöq}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Chiöq&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Classical Chiöq language|Classical Chiöq]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Chiärbuun Chiöqduï}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Qkhu&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Qhu language|Qhu]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Tsrinchŭŭ Qkhunxee}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Cazre]]&lt;br /&gt;
|32,046,152&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:flagsex.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Cicex]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Holy Cicex}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Ci-Cex&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Sngemscixngwài]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Ci-Cex Nriò}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Qì]] (summer)&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Sè-K&#039;io]] (winter)&lt;br /&gt;
|330,000,000&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Czisilia flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Czisilia]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Holy Realms of Czisilia and the Hle Le}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Ċīsīl&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Czisilian language|Czisilian]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Tlé zahi&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Hle Lun language|Hle Lun]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Eresa]]&lt;br /&gt;
|4,036,308&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|86062|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Dhimrai-std.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Dhimrai]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|United Kingdom of Dhimrai}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|jhmirjhi}} Jmirji&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|rheqnit;-qiidrjhi-jhmirjhki}} Ṙeqnit Qiidrji Jmirjki}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Jvuzrada]]&lt;br /&gt;
|35,152,286&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|220215|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Drooevache.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Dröövache]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Margravate of Dröövache}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|jer-çei-rhe}} Jertscheirre&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dröövache Parutschan language|Dröövache Parutschan]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|zz-kós-rós-er-jer-çei-rhe}} Såskoosroos er Jertscheirre}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|dró-f-ce}} Dröövache&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|zz-kós-rós-dró-f-ce}} Såskoossrooss Dröövache}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Aurtsche]]&lt;br /&gt;
|1,200,000&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|18615|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Dvikmi.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Dwichmii]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Margravate of Dwichmii}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|dvic-mí}} Dwichmii&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|zz-kós-rós-dvic-mí}} Såskoossrooss Dwichmii}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|dhm|dvikmi}} &#039;&#039;Dvikmi&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|dhm|zoksoros;-dvikmki}} {{small|Zoksoros Dvikmki}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Wichpürii]] (Vikhpuli)&lt;br /&gt;
|286,484&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|5509|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Eran flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Eran]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Nation of Eran}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Ērã, Ērãnẽdh&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Erayi language|Erayi]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Põdha gõ Ērãnẽdh}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Shokhasem]]&lt;br /&gt;
|24,026,000&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Ewasawu.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Ewasawu]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Ewasawu}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Ējasājujē Sǫjū&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Wanhi language|Wanhi]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|?&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag_mfi.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Five Isles]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Margravate of the Five Isles}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|ss-kó-shos-téy-cer-che-dré-gé-né}} Saskaoshos Téycer Chedreegeenee&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Thecenic language|Thecenic]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|zz-kós-rós-shos-che-cer-tr-shom}} Såskoossrooss schöss Tschecher Tråschom&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:FuggicEtzavazFlag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Fuggic Etzavaz]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Republic of Etzavaz}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|fug|viuntinteitin scourguuin}} Viuntinteitin Scourygin&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Etzavazi Fuggic language|Etzavazi Fuggic]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Fugireu.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Fugireu]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Fugireu}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|fug|fugi`reih}} Fugįreuh&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Fuggic language|Fuggic]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|fug|wui´`ti`ra´`s fugi`reih}} Wių́tįrą́s Fugįreuh}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Zaxeebi]]&lt;br /&gt;
|70,119,701&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Gharzere tzalist flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Gharzere]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|People&#039;s Confederation of Gharzere}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|ghár;zer}} Garzerë&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Gharzi language|Gharzi]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|ce-bároebish;-kydzejh-ghár;dzeresh;}} He Baroebiš Kuzežë Garzereš}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Shtake]]&lt;br /&gt;
|18,688,000&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|197877|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Ghunazad flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Ghunazad]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Nation of Ghunazad}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Ğınazhad&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dichaz language|Dichaz]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Oluğ Ğınazhatkız}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Khunaskhad&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Kibkuy language|Kibkuy]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Holukh Khunaskhadgur}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Ğanasat&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Pyelua language|Pyelua]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Holoğ Ğanasatyec}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|10098782|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Qiidrjitmi.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Giidirtschizmii]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Margravate of Giidirtschizmii}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|gí-dir-chizh-mí}} Giidirtschizmii&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|zz-kós-rós-gí-dir-chizh-mí}} Såskoossrooss Giidirtschizmii}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|dhm|qiidrjhitmi}} &#039;&#039;Qiidrjitmi&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|dhm|zoksoros;-qiidrjhitmi}} {{small|Zoksoros Qiidrjitmki}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Watizin]] (Vaticin)&lt;br /&gt;
|1,017,064&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|16404|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Gistetscho.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Gistetschö]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Gistetschö}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|gis-te-cho}} Gistetchö&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|trnzh-rós-gis-te-cho}} Tranzröös Gistetschö}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Hachaped]]&lt;br /&gt;
|1,910,500&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|24340|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Hashdezi_empire_flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hashdezi Empire]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|vrt|feddosoa gaśðäzig}} Feddosva Gaśðæzig&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Hashdezi language|Hashdezi]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Svakjaddr]]&lt;br /&gt;
|48,295,459&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|364852|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Hebratsche.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hebratsche]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Free Cities of Hebratsche}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|ce-br-che}} Hebratsche&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|a-zæ-sho-shín-a-mó-ri-ce-br-che}} Åsååschoschyyn Amööri Hebratsche}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Bradüüsch]]&lt;br /&gt;
|1,023,271&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|2254|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Hehagho flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hehagho]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Free State of Hehagho}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|vrt|henhäǵö}} Henhägyö&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dirhassian language|Dirhassian]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|vrt|ábuzu henhäǵöií}} Ávuzu Henhägyöjí}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Xẽxãgo&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Erayi language|Erayi]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Põdha Sēyex gõ Xẽxãgo}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Hehagho ([[Wikipedia:City-state|City-state]])&lt;br /&gt;
|172,000&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Hepetha.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hepetha]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Duchy of Hepetha}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|fug|he´pe`tse´}} Hépęþé&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Hepethan language|Hepethan]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|fug|pe`tslo`se he´pe`tse´}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Liyogesiu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|23,331,719&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|713776|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Hiethcee.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hiethcee]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Dual Monarchy of Hiethcee}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|hídh-cé}} Hiethcee&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Thecenic language|Thecenic]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|trs-tré-chí-hídh-cé}} Trastreechie Hiethcee}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Mayrfushy]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:HokuneinFlag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hokunein]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|People&#039;s Nation of Hokunein}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Hákkułúttun&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Hokucheir language|Hokucheir]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kuttavás Łúttunit Hákkułúttun}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Hinzgooess.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hinzgööss]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Duchy of Hinzgööss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|cinzh-gós}} Hinzgööss&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|kry-fon-rós-cinzh-gós}} Kruvonrooss Hinzgööss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Jeevtüss]]&lt;br /&gt;
|677,642&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|6986|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Jadena.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Jadena]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Princely Republic of Jadena}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Jadnsas&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Jadn language|Jadn]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kosetnam Mokrodātō Jadnsasā}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Sobsaltn]]&lt;br /&gt;
|43,021,861&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Jatschuuemuerns.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Jatschüümürns]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Jatschüümürns}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|j-chý-myrnz}} Jatschüümürns&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|trnzh-rós-j-chý-myrnz}} Tranzrööss Jatschüümürns}}&lt;br /&gt;
|?&lt;br /&gt;
|1,479,050&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|16077|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Jepemarke.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Jepemarke]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Free Cities of Jepemarke}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|je-pe-mr-ke}} Jepemarke&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|a-zæ-sho-shýn-a-mó-ri-je-pe-mr-ke}} Åsååschoschyyn Amööri Jepemarke}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Sååhod]]&lt;br /&gt;
|466,209&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|2576|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Kasooechen.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Kasööchen]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Margravate of Kasööchen}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|k-só-cen}} Kasööchen&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|zz-kós-rós-k-só-cen}} Såskoossrooss Kasööchen}}&lt;br /&gt;
|X&lt;br /&gt;
|75,686&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|1846|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Khobeh_flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Khobeh]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Khobeh}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Khɔbɛ&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Nyamu]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; {{small|Àgbà Khɔbɛ}} &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Kashinkhor]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-of-Kuuztschuusches.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Küüztschüüsches]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Küüztschüüsches}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|kýzh-chý-shé}} Küüztschüüschee&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|trnzh-rós-kýzh-chý-shé}} Tranzrööss Küüztschüüschee}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Tschuurumyn]]&lt;br /&gt;
|21,705,231&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|144318|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Måårbåryn]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Republic of Måårbåryn}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|mær-b-rin}} Måårbåryn&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|a-myr-chrós-mær-b-rin}} Åmurtschrooss Måårbåryn}}&lt;br /&gt;
|X&lt;br /&gt;
|362,633&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|1939|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Menkhemon flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Menkhemon]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Diarchy of Menkhemon}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Mẽxẽmõx&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Erayi language|Erayi]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|2,497,000&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Menochtuschee.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Menöchtüschee]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Commonwealth of Menöchtüschee}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|me-noc-ty-shé}} Menöchtüschee&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|shoc-rós-me-noc-ty-shé}} Schöchrööss Menöchtüschee}}&lt;br /&gt;
|?&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Anschuhe]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-TRM.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Mödwritschööss]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Tzalist Republics of Mödwritschööss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|mo-dzi-chó}} Möddschitschöö&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Low Tschintierst language|Low Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|c-my-shró-nó-zhær-szh-mo-dzi-chó}} Houmuttschroonoo Zaarschouz Möddschitschöö}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|mod-vri-chós}} Mödwritschööss&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|a-myr-chró-sín-zhær-shzh-mod-vri-chós}} Åmurtschroossyyn Zaarschaz Mödwritschööss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Muurågo.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Muurågo]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Principality of Muurågo}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|mý-r-go}} Muurågo&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|trnzh-ky-rós-mý-r-go}} Tranzkürööss Muurågo}}&lt;br /&gt;
|X&lt;br /&gt;
|223,302&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|3236|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Nedheesi flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Nedheesi Republic]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|20,371,354&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|710546|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Niksjvuzri.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Niichstschüzrii]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Free City of Niichstschüzrii}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|nícs-chyzh-rí}} Niichstschüzrii&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|a-zá-sho-a-mó-ri-nícs-chyzh-rí}} Åsååscho Amööri Niichstschüzrii}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|dhm|niksjhvyzri}} &#039;&#039;Niksjvuzri&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|dhm|dzenit;-ádáksi-niksjhvyzrki}} {{small|Dzenit Adaksi Niksjvuzrki}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Niichstschuzrii ([[Wikipedia:City-state|City-state]])&lt;br /&gt;
|95,594&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|719|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Nozhya.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Nözhya]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Republics of Nözhya}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Ngöözhyaa&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Nözhyin language|Nözhyin]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Sangzhazh Ngöözhyaas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:OUTS flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Oldirian Union]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Revolutionary Oldirian Union State}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|vrt|kűtzeźüz öldírí}} Kűtzeźüz Öldírí&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dirhassian language|Dirhassian]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|vrt|ubal kűtzeźüzí öldírí gasadúnú}} Uval Kűtzeźüzí Öldírí Gasadúnú}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Oszújú]]&lt;br /&gt;
|117,195,553&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|1368947|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Oejestwiiss.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Öjestwiiss]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Free City of Öjestwiiss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|o-jest-vís}} Öjestwiiss&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|a-zæ-sho-a-mó-ri-o-jest-vís}} Åsååscho Amööri Öjestwiiss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Öjestwiiss ([[Wikipedia:City-state|City-state]])&lt;br /&gt;
|455,650&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|1616|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag Oorkascho.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Oorkåscho]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Principality of Oorkåscho}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|ór-k-sho}} Oorkåscho&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|trnzh-ky-rós-ór-k-sho}} Tranzkürööss Oorkåscho}}&lt;br /&gt;
|X&lt;br /&gt;
|77,937&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|2362|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Pustschoscho.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Pustschoscho]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Principality of Pustschoscho}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|pyz-cho-sho}} Pustschoscho&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|trnzh-ky-rós-pyz-cho-sho}} Tranzkürööss Pustschoscho}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Schörvaröd]]&lt;br /&gt;
|339,948&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|3578|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Ravison]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Princely Republic of Ravison}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Ravizų&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Sheuvurnic language|Sheuvurnic]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kųtetytų Makrųčatus Ravizų}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Rirshei.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Rirshei]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Pecheg of Rirshei}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|rir-she}} Rirshei&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Rirsheic language|Rirsheic]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|po-chéc-rir-she}} Pecheec Rirshei}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|72770|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:rssflag-nu.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[RSS]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Great Queendom of the Rising Shouting Sun}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{Cs|hsk|dafaA niVkaG}} Dafá Nìʼikàa {{small|([[Regal Dòn Proper]])}}&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Cs|hsk|dafaA haGniXkiNG hieeG HcD zeCshiNA uuFshiNA}} &#039;&#039;{{small|Dafá Hàanììkìin Hièe Hcoo Hleʼéshín Uúshín}}&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Dafáhčookîn]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Anschuhe]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Sakhasta flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Sakhasta]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Democratic Republic of Sakhasta}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Saxasat&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Erayi language|Erayi]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|7,136,000&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:samatkhaoul new flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Samatkhaoul]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Republic of the Samatkhaoul}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|cpt|ⲛ̀ϣⲁⲙⲁⲧ ⲭⲁ̄ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲗ}} {{small|([[Ibsa language]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ottex]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Shibun.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Shibun]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Shibun Empire}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Shiibùn&#039;&#039; {{small|([[High Shinge language|High Shinge]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|X}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Soderon.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Soderon]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Soderon}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|só-dé-ró}} Sǿdérǿ&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Soderic language|Soderic]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Kunu_mbarkhene_flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Tarwah Union]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Triarchy of Kunu-Mbarkhene}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Kunu-Mbarkhene&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Bhala language|Bhala]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Mbaarkheer]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Teremres flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Teremres]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Teremres}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|fug|te´rembex}} Tėrembės&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Teremish language|Teremish]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|fug|se´s te´rembex lontre´s}} Sės Tėrembex Lontrės}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Regozyl]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|220215|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Teshkasta flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Teshkasta]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Nation of Teshkasta}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Tēshekasat&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Erayi language|Erayi]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Põdha Tēshekasate}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|1,146,000&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Tschintiesteiss.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Tschintiessteiss]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Tschintiessteiss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|chorn-ti-shé}} Tschörntischee&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|tranzh-rós-chorn-ti-shé}} Tranzrööss Tschörntischee}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Dusorson]]&lt;br /&gt;
|62,870,864&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|360146|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} (With colonies)&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{convert|357,202|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} (Mainland TSC)&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-UKP.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[United Kadinist Provinces]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Fyīfūnūfyi bāḍan fyi kādīnīsig&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Wadiin language|Wadiin]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Fithogo|Fiṭoġō]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-UTA.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[United Territories of Anschuhe]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|zæ-ghó-nó-o-mó-thó-rinz-an-rhý-ghe}} Soouggoonoo Ömööttöörins Ansschrüüggee&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Low Tschintierst language|Low Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|kí-de-nes-ym-tscho-ron-an-shý-ce}} Kiideness Umtschoron Anschüüche&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Anschuhe]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Uue.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Üü]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|ý}} Üü&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|kæn-rós-ý}} Kaanrööss Üü}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Pyschuuss]]&lt;br /&gt;
|504,835&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|4854|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Vahtyas.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Vahtyas]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Triumvirate of Vahtyas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|fug|wa´ccas}} Vāccas&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Vahtyic language|Vahtyic]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|fug|saheuttem wa´ccas}} Saheuttem Vāccas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Vrishia.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Vrishia]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Vrishia}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|vri-shé-rhót}} Vrisjeeŗööt&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Vrishtic language|Vrishtic]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Vezdalen_flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[West Vezdalen]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of West Vezdalen}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|vrt|mesati oäzdáloz}} Væzdåloz&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Vezdali language|Vezdali]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|vrt|sátruzoa mesati oäzdáloz}} Såtruzva Væzdåloz}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Hivfeta-on-Esza]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Wadiin.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wadiin]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Wadiin}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ʿWaḍīn&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Wadiin language|Wadiin]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Ḍyāwayhwā ʿWaḍīnīfwā}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Dizundyi|Ḍīzunḍyi]]&lt;br /&gt;
|57,218,023&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Wahakkum.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wahakkum]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Wahakkum}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Wāhākkum&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Ameikkei language|Ameikkei]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Wāhākkumebe Sonasha}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Suyeizona]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Wueguenz.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wügünz]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Grand Duchy of Wügünz}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|vy-gynzh}} Wügünz&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|cýr-kry-fen-rós-vy-gynzh}} Hüürkrüvenrööss Wügünz}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|1,006,480&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|11841|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Wuetschooess.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wütschööss]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Grand Principality of Wütschööss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|vy-chós}} Wütschööss&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|cýr-trnzh-ky-rós-vy-chós}} Hüürtranzkürööss Wütschööss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|517,320&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|6991|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Yakinha.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Yakinha]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Republic of Yakinha}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Yākįhhā&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Wanhi language|Wanhi]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Yākįhhāhhē Wāzajū}}&lt;br /&gt;
|?&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Territories &amp;amp; dependencies==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |State&lt;br /&gt;
!Native name(s)&lt;br /&gt;
!Sovereign state&lt;br /&gt;
!Capital&lt;br /&gt;
!Population&lt;br /&gt;
!Surface area&lt;br /&gt;
!Continent&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Askeliema Flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Askeliema]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|dhm|áskeliem}} &#039;&#039;Askeliema&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{flag|Dhimrai}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|1,721,000&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:West Islands Flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Dhimze West Islands]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|dhm|rhálks;-pjhydzeki-jhmirjhiks;}} &#039;&#039;Ṙalks Pjudzeki Jmirjiks&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{flag|Dhimrai}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Port Artio]]&lt;br /&gt;
|74,000&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|16787|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Hadinhersia.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hadinhersia]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|King Hadinherss&#039;s Land}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|dhm|c-din-cers-ty-sho}} &#039;&#039;Hadinhersstüschö&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|ty-sho-trnzh-c-din-cer-sid}} Tüschö Tranz Hadinherssid}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{flag|Küüztschüüsches}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|502,458&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|851624|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:KSL Flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[King Sverit Land]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|dhm|pin;-qiidics;-sverit;}} &#039;&#039;Pin Qiidikhs Sverit&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{flag|Dhimrai}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|32,000&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:New-dhimrai.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[New Dhimrai]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|dhm|bosit;-jhmirjhi}} &#039;&#039;Bosit Jmirji&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{flag|Dhimrai}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|7,217,000&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|323197|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Tschenebitüschö.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Tschenebitüschö]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|dhm|che-ne-bi-ty-sho}} &#039;&#039;Tschenebitüschö&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{flag|Tschintiessteiss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Åsååschohådon]]&lt;br /&gt;
|2,484,291&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|1427754|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Tschümiirs Port.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Tschümiir&#039;s Port]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{flag|Tschintiessteiss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Tschümiir&#039;s Port&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Lists]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka_religion&amp;diff=10591</id>
		<title>Hashka religion</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka_religion&amp;diff=10591"/>
		<updated>2026-10-01T01:19:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox religion|icon=HashkaTrinity.svg|icon_width=60px|name=Hashka religion|native_name={{cs|hsk|HkvnvZraF}} {{small|([[Regal Dòn Proper|RDP]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|hsk|oAkxkaraA}} {{small|([[Butakkin language|Butakkin]])}}|image=|caption=|type=[[Wikipedia:Ethnic religion|Ethnic religion]]|scripture=|theology=Animistic|language=[[Regal Dòn Proper]]|territory=[[Anschuhe]], origin unclear}}&#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka religion&#039;&#039;&#039;, sometimes called &#039;&#039;&#039;hashka Revelations&#039;&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;&#039;Hkunurá&#039;&#039;&#039;, generally refers to the varied beliefs and mythologies of the [[hashka]] population of [[Anschuhe]]. It may be better understood as a non-unified group of closely related religions tracing their ancestry to the [[hashka proto-religion]]. As such, there are various &amp;quot;denominations,&amp;quot; local variations of myths and rituals, as well as different literary traditions which nonetheless find common ground in overarching psychological, philosophical and cosmological concepts. These concepts are not only derived from their ancestor religion, but also through constant interaction amongst each other.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origins ===&lt;br /&gt;
Although the exact origin of the ancestral [[hashka proto-religion]] is hitherto unknown, it can be said to have already existed since at least 5900 BP, evidenced by several votive artefacts created by the [[Moó culture]]. These include ritual copper lamellae and bells.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Central concepts ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Bone-flesh-soul trinity ===&lt;br /&gt;
In all [[hashka]] religions, every living being is defined as possessing three fundamental elements that compose the self: bone ({{Cs|hsk|hneF}} &#039;&#039;honeé&#039;&#039;), flesh ({{Cs|hsk|ciND}} &#039;&#039;ciin&#039;&#039;) and soul ({{Cs|hsk|HbaF}} &#039;&#039;hbaá&#039;&#039;). These are referred to as the &#039;&#039;trinity of being&#039;&#039; ({{Cs|hsk|HruR haGshaD}} &#039;&#039;hrur hàashaa&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The bone is the inner physical part of the self, believed to house one’s life and stamina. Consuming bones is a common practice, as it’s believed to prolong one’s life and nourish the soul by consequence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The flesh is the outer physical, sensory part of the self, whose outermost layer consists of skin and muscle. Hashka religions usually don’t emphasise consuming the flesh of other beings, instead focusing on maintaining one’s flesh in an optimal state. Practices that are believed to improve one’s flesh are ritual bathing, the use of aromatic ointments and, in some groups, scarification.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The soul is the incorporeal, emotional center of the self, where memory resides. Depression, panic, stress, etc. are all believed to be ailments that are generated from imbalances in the soul. It is believed to be housed in the heart, and because consuming another life’s soul is considered taboo, hearts of game are discarded across all hashka cultures.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Cosmogony ===&lt;br /&gt;
Hashka-kind, as well as all life on [[Anschuhe]], is believed by adherents of the hashka religion to have arisen in a cosmic boat called the &#039;&#039;awesome vessel&#039;&#039; ({{Cs|hsk|HkaGnvArvAaaA}} &#039;&#039;hkàanv́rv́á&#039;&#039;), created by formless primordial spirits in an era referred to as the &#039;&#039;ancient night&#039;&#039; ({{Cs|hsk|iimaV HkanaFhiNA}} &#039;&#039;imàʼa hkanaáhín&#039;&#039;). This legendary period is characterised by the lack of a sun, and thereby a day-night cycle, leading people to light their crops with torches and bonfires. It is represented by various creator figures, usually of supernatural strength and abilities, who shaped the continent of Anschuhe and the culture of hashka-kind through their heroic deeds. They sailed the primordial sea (XYZ) under the instruction of the &#039;&#039;enka&#039;&#039; ({{Cs|hsk|eeNka}}, &amp;quot;spirit&amp;quot;) ZYX to search for a sun to live under. It is said that the voyage ended when they heard the first sunrise as an indescribably beautiful call, and thus named their destination the Land of the Rising Shouting Sun ({{Cs|hsk|dafaA HcD zeCshiNA uuFshiNA}} &#039;&#039;Dafá Hcoo Hleʼéshín Uúshín&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Religions]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Religions of Anschuhe]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka_religion&amp;diff=10590</id>
		<title>Hashka religion</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka_religion&amp;diff=10590"/>
		<updated>2026-10-01T01:19:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox religion|icon=HashkaTrinity.svg|icon_width=60px|name=Hashka religion|native_name={{cs|hsk|HkvnvZraF}} {{small|([[Regal Dòn Proper|RDP]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|hsk|oAkxkaraA}} {{small|([[Butakkin language|Butakkin]])}}|image=|caption=|type=[[Wikipedia:Ethnic religion|Ethnic religion]]|scripture=|theology=Animistic|language=[[Regal Dòn Proper]]|territory=[[Anschuhe]], origin unclear}}&#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka religion&#039;&#039;&#039;, sometimes called &#039;&#039;&#039;hashka Revelations&#039;&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;&#039;Hkunurá&#039;&#039;&#039;, generally refers to the varied beliefs and mythologies of the [[hashka]] population of [[Anschuhe]]. It may be better understood as a non-unified group of closely related religions tracing their ancestry to the [[hashka proto-religion]]. As such, there are various &amp;quot;denominations,&amp;quot; local variations of myths and rituals, as well as different literary traditions which nonetheless find common ground in overarching psychological, philosophical and cosmological concepts. These concepts are not only derived from their ancestor religion, but also through constant interaction between each other.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origins ===&lt;br /&gt;
Although the exact origin of the ancestral [[hashka proto-religion]] is hitherto unknown, it can be said to have already existed since at least 5900 BP, evidenced by several votive artefacts created by the [[Moó culture]]. These include ritual copper lamellae and bells.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Central concepts ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Bone-flesh-soul trinity ===&lt;br /&gt;
In all [[hashka]] religions, every living being is defined as possessing three fundamental elements that compose the self: bone ({{Cs|hsk|hneF}} &#039;&#039;honeé&#039;&#039;), flesh ({{Cs|hsk|ciND}} &#039;&#039;ciin&#039;&#039;) and soul ({{Cs|hsk|HbaF}} &#039;&#039;hbaá&#039;&#039;). These are referred to as the &#039;&#039;trinity of being&#039;&#039; ({{Cs|hsk|HruR haGshaD}} &#039;&#039;hrur hàashaa&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The bone is the inner physical part of the self, believed to house one’s life and stamina. Consuming bones is a common practice, as it’s believed to prolong one’s life and nourish the soul by consequence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The flesh is the outer physical, sensory part of the self, whose outermost layer consists of skin and muscle. Hashka religions usually don’t emphasise consuming the flesh of other beings, instead focusing on maintaining one’s flesh in an optimal state. Practices that are believed to improve one’s flesh are ritual bathing, the use of aromatic ointments and, in some groups, scarification.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The soul is the incorporeal, emotional center of the self, where memory resides. Depression, panic, stress, etc. are all believed to be ailments that are generated from imbalances in the soul. It is believed to be housed in the heart, and because consuming another life’s soul is considered taboo, hearts of game are discarded across all hashka cultures.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Cosmogony ===&lt;br /&gt;
Hashka-kind, as well as all life on [[Anschuhe]], is believed by adherents of the hashka religion to have arisen in a cosmic boat called the &#039;&#039;awesome vessel&#039;&#039; ({{Cs|hsk|HkaGnvArvAaaA}} &#039;&#039;hkàanv́rv́á&#039;&#039;), created by formless primordial spirits in an era referred to as the &#039;&#039;ancient night&#039;&#039; ({{Cs|hsk|iimaV HkanaFhiNA}} &#039;&#039;imàʼa hkanaáhín&#039;&#039;). This legendary period is characterised by the lack of a sun, and thereby a day-night cycle, leading people to light their crops with torches and bonfires. It is represented by various creator figures, usually of supernatural strength and abilities, who shaped the continent of Anschuhe and the culture of hashka-kind through their heroic deeds. They sailed the primordial sea (XYZ) under the instruction of the &#039;&#039;enka&#039;&#039; ({{Cs|hsk|eeNka}}, &amp;quot;spirit&amp;quot;) ZYX to search for a sun to live under. It is said that the voyage ended when they heard the first sunrise as an indescribably beautiful call, and thus named their destination the Land of the Rising Shouting Sun ({{Cs|hsk|dafaA HcD zeCshiNA uuFshiNA}} &#039;&#039;Dafá Hcoo Hleʼéshín Uúshín&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Religions]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Religions of Anschuhe]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=RSS&amp;diff=10589</id>
		<title>RSS</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=RSS&amp;diff=10589"/>
		<updated>2026-09-30T22:28:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox country&lt;br /&gt;
|conventional_long_name = Great Queendom of the Rising Shouting Sun&lt;br /&gt;
|native_name = Dafá Hàanììkìin Hièe Hcoo Hleʼéshín Uúshín&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|hsk|dafaA haGniXkiNG hieeG HcD zeCshiNA uuFshiNA}}&lt;br /&gt;
|common_name = RSS&lt;br /&gt;
|image_flag = rssflag-nu.png&lt;br /&gt;
|alt_flag = Official flag of the RSS&lt;br /&gt;
|image_flag2 = &lt;br /&gt;
|alt_flag2 = &lt;br /&gt;
|image_coat =         &amp;lt;!--e.g. Coat of arms of country.svg--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|alt_coat =           &amp;lt;!--alt text for coat of arms--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|symbol_type =        &amp;lt;!--emblem, seal, etc (if not a coat of arms)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|national_motto = &lt;br /&gt;
|national_anthem = &lt;br /&gt;
|royal_anthem =&lt;br /&gt;
|other_symbol_type =  &amp;lt;!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|other_symbol =&lt;br /&gt;
|image_map =&lt;br /&gt;
|alt_map =            &amp;lt;!--alt text for map--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|map_caption =&lt;br /&gt;
|image_map2 =         &amp;lt;!--Another map, if required--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|alt_map2 =           &amp;lt;!--alt text for second map--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|map_caption2 =       &amp;lt;!--Caption to place below second map--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|capital = [[Kvkínv̀v̀]]&lt;br /&gt;
|latd= | latm= | latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= &amp;lt;!--capital&#039;s latitude and longitude in degrees/minutes/direction--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|largest_city = [[Kvkínv̀v̀]]&lt;br /&gt;
|largest_settlement_type = &amp;lt;!--Type of settlement if largest settlement not a city--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|largest_settlement = &amp;lt;!--Name of largest settlement--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|official_languages = [[Regal Dòn Proper]]&lt;br /&gt;
|national_languages = [[Outlands Dòn]]&lt;br /&gt;
|regional_languages = &amp;lt;!--Languages recognised or associated with particular regions within the country/territory--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|languages_type =     &amp;lt;!--Use to specify a further type of language, if not official, national or regional--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|languages =          &amp;lt;!--Languages of the further type--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|languages_sub =      &amp;lt;!--Is this further type of language a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? (&amp;quot;yes&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;no&amp;quot;)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|languages2_type =    &amp;lt;!--Another further type of language--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|languages2 =         &amp;lt;!--Languages of this second further type--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|languages2_sub =     &amp;lt;!--Is the second alternative type of languages a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? (&amp;quot;yes&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;no&amp;quot;)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|ethnic_groups =      &amp;lt;!--List/breakdown of ethnic groups within the country/territory--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|ethnic_groups_year = &amp;lt;!--Year of ethnic groups data (if provided) or use to place a &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|demonym = [[Niishkaa people|Niishkaa]]&lt;br /&gt;
|government_type = [[wikipedia:Unitary state|Unitary]] [[wikipedia:absolute monarchy|absolute monarchy]]&lt;br /&gt;
|leader_title1 = Queen&lt;br /&gt;
|leader_name1 =[[Hàanìì Hrárá Hcoo Keéra]] &lt;br /&gt;
|leader_title2 = &lt;br /&gt;
|leader_name2 = &lt;br /&gt;
|legislature =&lt;br /&gt;
|upper_house =        &amp;lt;!--Name of governing body&#039;s upper house, if given (e.g. &amp;quot;Senate&amp;quot;)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|lower_house =        &amp;lt;!--Name of governing body&#039;s lower house, if given (e.g. &amp;quot;Chamber of Deputies&amp;quot;)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|sovereignty_type =   &amp;lt;!--Brief description of country/territory&#039;s status (&amp;quot;Independence [from...]&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Autonomous province [of...]&amp;quot;, etc)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|sovereignty_note = &lt;br /&gt;
|established_event1 = &amp;lt;!--First key event in history of country/territory&#039;s status or formation--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|established_date1 =  &amp;lt;!--Date of first key event--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|established_event2 = &amp;lt;!--Second key event--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|established_date2 =  &amp;lt;!--Date of second key event--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--......--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|established_event9 = &amp;lt;!--(up to nine distinct events may be included)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|established_date9 =&lt;br /&gt;
|area_rank = &lt;br /&gt;
|area_magnitude = &lt;br /&gt;
|area = &lt;br /&gt;
|area_km2 =&lt;br /&gt;
|area_sq_mi =&lt;br /&gt;
|area_footnote =      &amp;lt;!--Optional footnote for area--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|percent_water = &lt;br /&gt;
|area_label = Mainland&lt;br /&gt;
|area_label2 =        &amp;lt;!--Label below area_label (optional)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|area_data2 =         &amp;lt;!--Text after area_label2 (optional)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|population_estimate =&lt;br /&gt;
|population_estimate_rank = &lt;br /&gt;
|population_estimate_year =&lt;br /&gt;
|population_census = &lt;br /&gt;
|population_census_year = &lt;br /&gt;
|population_density_km2 =&lt;br /&gt;
|population_density_sq_mi = &lt;br /&gt;
|population_density_rank = &lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_PPP =                     &amp;lt;!--(Gross Domestic Product from Purchasing Power Parity)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_PPP_rank = &lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_PPP_year = &lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = &lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = &lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_nominal = &lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_nominal_rank = &lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_nominal_year = &lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = &lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = &lt;br /&gt;
|Gini =                        &amp;lt;!--(Gini measure of income inequality; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 100)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Gini_ref =                    &amp;lt;!--(for any ref/s to associate with Gini number)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Gini_rank = &lt;br /&gt;
|Gini_year = &lt;br /&gt;
|HDI =                         &amp;lt;!--(Human Development Index; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 1)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|HDI_ref =                     &amp;lt;!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|HDI_rank = &lt;br /&gt;
|HDI_year = &lt;br /&gt;
|currency =           &amp;lt;!--Name/s of currency/ies used in country/territory--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|currency_code =      &amp;lt;!--ISO 4217 code/s for currency/ies (each usually three capital letters)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|time_zone =          &amp;lt;!--e.g. GMT, PST, AST, etc, etc (wikilinked if possible)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|utc_offset =         &amp;lt;!--in the form &amp;quot;+N&amp;quot;, where N is number of hours offset--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|time_zone_DST =      &amp;lt;!--Link to DST (Daylight Saving Time) used, otherwise &amp;quot;not observed&amp;quot;--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|utc_offset_DST =     &amp;lt;!--in the form &amp;quot;+N&amp;quot;, where N is number of hours offset--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|DST_note =           &amp;lt;!--Optional note regarding DST use--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|antipodes =          &amp;lt;!--Place/s exactly on the opposite side of the world to country/territory--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|date_format =        &amp;lt;!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc) plus era (CE, AD, AH, etc)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|drives_on =          &amp;lt;!--&amp;quot;right&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;left&amp;quot; (side of road)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|cctld =              &amp;lt;!--Internet country code top-level domain identifier (e.g. [[.br]], [[.de]], etc)&lt;br /&gt;
|iso3166code =        &amp;lt;!--Use to override default from common_name parameter above; omit using &amp;quot;omit&amp;quot;.--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|calling_code =       &amp;lt;!--e.g. [[+1]], [[+531]], [[+44]], etc--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|image_map3 =         &amp;lt;!--Optional third map position, e.g. for use with reference to footnotes below it--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|alt_map3 =           &amp;lt;!--alt text for third map position--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|footnote_a =         &amp;lt;!--For any footnote &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; used above--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|footnote_b =         &amp;lt;!--For any footnote &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; used above--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--......--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|footnote_h =         &amp;lt;!--For any footnote &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;h&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; used above--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|footnotes =          &amp;lt;!--For any generic non-numbered footnotes--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|patron_saint = &lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Great Queendom of the Rising Shouting Sun&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[Regal Dòn Proper]]: {{Cs|hsk|dafaA haGniXkiNG hieeG HcD zeCshiNA uuFshiNA}} &#039;&#039;Dafá Hàanììkìin Hièe Hcoo Hleʼéshín Uúshín&#039;&#039;), more commonly abbreviated as the &#039;&#039;&#039;RSS&#039;&#039;&#039;, is a country located in Northwest [[Anschuhe]]. It is populated in its near totality–bar a few human immigrants–by [[hashka]], a sapient [[sveltewolf]] relative.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Prehistory ===&lt;br /&gt;
Northwestern [[Anschuhe]] has been consistently populated by [[hashka]] native peoples since their displacement from [[Ashnan]] 40,000 years ago. The first traces of urbanisation appear around 3400 BP, evidenced by mudbrick homes found near [[Filfuró]], {fill this out later}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Countries]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka_religion&amp;diff=10556</id>
		<title>Hashka religion</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka_religion&amp;diff=10556"/>
		<updated>2026-09-30T03:21:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: /* Central concepts */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox religion|icon=HashkaTrinity.svg|icon_width=60px|name=Hashka religion|native_name={{cs|hsk|HkvnvZraF}} {{small|([[Regal Dòn Proper|RDP]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|hsk|oAkxkaraA}} {{small|([[Butakkin language|Butakkin]])}}|image=|caption=|type=[[Wikipedia:Ethnic religion|Ethnic religion]]|scripture=|theology=Animistic|language=[[Regal Dòn Proper]]|territory=[[Anschuhe]], origin unclear}}&#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka religion&#039;&#039;&#039;, sometimes called &#039;&#039;&#039;hashka Revelations&#039;&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;&#039;Hkunurá&#039;&#039;&#039;, generally refers to the varied beliefs and mythologies of the [[hashka]] population of [[Anschuhe]]. It may be better understood as a non-unified group of closely related religions tracing their ancestry to the [[hashka proto-religion]]. As such, there are various &amp;quot;denominations,&amp;quot; local variations of myths and rituals, as well as different literary traditions which nonetheless find common ground in overarching psychological, philosophical and cosmological concepts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origins ===&lt;br /&gt;
Although the exact origin of the ancestral [[hashka proto-religion]] is hitherto unknown, it can be said to have already existed since at least 5900 BP, evidenced by several votive artefacts created by the [[Moó culture]]. These include ritual copper lamellae and bells.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Central concepts ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Bone-flesh-soul trinity ===&lt;br /&gt;
In all [[hashka]] religions, every living being is defined as possessing three fundamental elements that compose the self: bone ({{Cs|hsk|hneF}} &#039;&#039;honeé&#039;&#039;), flesh ({{Cs|hsk|ciND}} &#039;&#039;ciin&#039;&#039;) and soul ({{Cs|hsk|HbaF}} &#039;&#039;hbaá&#039;&#039;). These are referred to as the &#039;&#039;trinity of being&#039;&#039; ({{Cs|hsk|HruR haGshaD}} &#039;&#039;hrur hàashaa&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The bone is the inner physical part of the self, believed to house one’s life and stamina. Consuming bones is a common practice, as it’s believed to prolong one’s life and nourish the soul by consequence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The flesh is the outer physical, sensory part of the self, whose outermost layer consists of skin and muscle. Hashka religions usually don’t emphasise consuming the flesh of other beings, instead focusing on maintaining one’s flesh in an optimal state. Practices that are believed to improve one’s flesh are ritual bathing, the use of aromatic ointments and, in some groups, scarification.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The soul is the incorporeal, emotional center of the self, where memory resides. Depression, panic, stress, etc. are all believed to be ailments that are generated from imbalances in the soul. It is believed to be housed in the heart, and because consuming another life’s soul is considered taboo, hearts of game are discarded across all hashka cultures.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Cosmogony ===&lt;br /&gt;
Hashka-kind, as well as all life on [[Anschuhe]], is believed by adherents of the hashka religion to have arisen in a cosmic boat called the &#039;&#039;awesome vessel&#039;&#039; ({{Cs|hsk|HkaGnvArvAaaA}} &#039;&#039;hkàanv́rv́á&#039;&#039;), created by formless primordial spirits in an era referred to as the &#039;&#039;ancient night&#039;&#039; ({{Cs|hsk|iimaV HkanaFhiNA}} &#039;&#039;imàʼa hkanaáhín&#039;&#039;). This legendary period is characterised by the lack of a sun, and thereby a day-night cycle, leading people to light their crops with torches and bonfires. It is represented by various creator figures, usually of supernatural strength and abilities, who shaped the continent of Anschuhe and the culture of hashka-kind through their heroic deeds. They sailed the primordial sea (XYZ) under the instruction of the &#039;&#039;enka&#039;&#039; ({{Cs|hsk|eeNka}}, &amp;quot;spirit&amp;quot;) ZYX to search for a sun to live under. It is said that the voyage ended when they heard the first sunrise as an indescribably beautiful call, and thus named their destination the Land of the Rising Shouting Sun ({{Cs|hsk|dafaA HcD zeCshiNA uuFshiNA}} &#039;&#039;Dafá Hcoo Hleʼéshín Uúshín&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Religions]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Religions of Anschuhe]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka_religion&amp;diff=10555</id>
		<title>Hashka religion</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka_religion&amp;diff=10555"/>
		<updated>2026-09-30T03:20:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox religion|icon=HashkaTrinity.svg|icon_width=60px|name=Hashka religion|native_name={{cs|hsk|HkvnvZraF}} {{small|([[Regal Dòn Proper|RDP]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|hsk|oAkxkaraA}} {{small|([[Butakkin language|Butakkin]])}}|image=|caption=|type=[[Wikipedia:Ethnic religion|Ethnic religion]]|scripture=|theology=Animistic|language=[[Regal Dòn Proper]]|territory=[[Anschuhe]], origin unclear}}&#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka religion&#039;&#039;&#039;, sometimes called &#039;&#039;&#039;hashka Revelations&#039;&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;&#039;Hkunurá&#039;&#039;&#039;, generally refers to the varied beliefs and mythologies of the [[hashka]] population of [[Anschuhe]]. It may be better understood as a non-unified group of closely related religions tracing their ancestry to the [[hashka proto-religion]]. As such, there are various &amp;quot;denominations,&amp;quot; local variations of myths and rituals, as well as different literary traditions which nonetheless find common ground in overarching psychological, philosophical and cosmological concepts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origins ===&lt;br /&gt;
Although the exact origin of the ancestral [[hashka proto-religion]] is hitherto unknown, it can be said to have already existed since at least 5900 BP, evidenced by several votive artefacts created by the [[Moó culture]]. These include ritual copper lamellae and bells.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Central concepts ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Bone-flesh-soul trinity ===&lt;br /&gt;
In all [[hashka]] religions, every living being is defined as possessing three fundamental elements that compose the self: bone ({{Cs|hsk|hneF}} &#039;&#039;honeé&#039;&#039;), flesh ({{Cs|hsk|ciND}} &#039;&#039;ciin&#039;&#039;) and soul ({{Cs|hsk|HbaF}} &#039;&#039;hbaá&#039;&#039;). These are referred to as the &#039;&#039;trinity of being&#039;&#039; ({{Cs|hsk|HruR haGshaD}} &#039;&#039;hrur hàashaa&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The bone is the inner physical part of the self, believed to house one’s life and stamina. Consuming bones is a common practice, as it’s believed to prolong one’s life and nourish the soul by consequence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The flesh is the outer physical, sensory part of the self, whose outermost layer consists of skin and muscle. Hashka religions usually don’t emphasise consuming the flesh of other beings, instead focusing on maintaining one’s flesh in an optimal state. Practices that are believed to improve one’s flesh are ritual bathing, the use of aromatic ointments and, in some groups, scarification.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The soul is the incorporeal, emotional center of the self, where memory resides. Depression, panic, stress, etc. are all believed to be ailments that are generated from imbalances in the soul. It is believed to be housed in the heart, and because consuming another life’s soul is considered taboo, hearts of game are discarded across all hashka cultures.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Cosmogony ===&lt;br /&gt;
Hashka-kind, as well as all life on [[Anschuhe]], is believed by adherents of the hashka religion to have arisen in a cosmic boat called the &#039;&#039;awesome vessel&#039;&#039; ({{Cs|hsk|HkaGnvArvAaaA}} &#039;&#039;hkàanv́rv́á&#039;&#039;), created by formless primordial spirits in an era referred to as the &#039;&#039;ancient night&#039;&#039; ({{Cs|hsk|iimaV HkanaFhiNA}} &#039;&#039;imàʼa hkanaáhín&#039;&#039;). This legendary period is characterised by the lack of a sun, and thereby a day-night cycle, leading people to light their crops with torches and bonfires. It is represented by various creator figures, usually of supernatural strength and abilities, who shaped the continent of Anschuhe and the culture of hashka-kind through their heroic deeds. They sailed the primordial sea (XYZ) under the instruction of the &#039;&#039;enka&#039;&#039; ({{Cs|hsk|eeNka}}, &amp;quot;spirit&amp;quot;) ZYX searching for a sun to live under. It is said that the voyage ended when they heard the first sunrise as an indescribably beautiful call, and thus named their destination the Land of the Rising Shouting Sun ({{Cs|hsk|dafaA HcD zeCshiNA uuFshiNA}} &#039;&#039;Dafá Hcoo Hleʼéshín Uúshín&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Religions]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Religions of Anschuhe]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka_religion&amp;diff=10553</id>
		<title>Hashka religion</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka_religion&amp;diff=10553"/>
		<updated>2026-09-29T21:01:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox religion|icon=HashkaTrinity.svg|icon_width=60px|name=Hashka religion|native_name={{cs|hsk|HkvnvZraF}} {{small|([[Regal Dòn Proper|RDP]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|hsk|oAkxkaraA}} {{small|([[Butakkin language|Butakkin]])}}|image=|caption=|type=[[Wikipedia:Ethnic religion|Ethnic religion]]|scripture=|theology=Animistic|language=[[Regal Dòn Proper]]|territory=[[Anschuhe]], origin unclear}}&#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka religion&#039;&#039;&#039;, sometimes called &#039;&#039;&#039;hashka Revelations&#039;&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;&#039;Hkunurá&#039;&#039;&#039;, generally refers to the varied beliefs and mythologies of the [[hashka]] population of [[Anschuhe]]. It may be better understood as a non-unified group of closely related religions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origins ===&lt;br /&gt;
Although the exact origin of the ancestral hashka proto-religion is hitherto unknown, it can be said to have already existed since at least 5900 BP, evidenced by several votive artefacts created by the [[Moó culture]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Central concepts ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Bone-flesh-soul trinity ===&lt;br /&gt;
In all hashka religions, every living being is defined as possessing three fundamental elements that compose the self: bone ({{Cs|hsk|hneF}} &#039;&#039;honeé&#039;&#039;), flesh ({{Cs|hsk|cinD}} &#039;&#039;ciin&#039;&#039;) and soul ({{Cs|hsk|HbaF}} &#039;&#039;hbaá&#039;&#039;). These are referred to as the &#039;&#039;trinity of being&#039;&#039; ({{Cs|hsk|HruR haGshaD}} &#039;&#039;hrur hàashaa&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The bone is the inner physical part of the self, believed to house one’s life and stamina. Consuming bones is a common practice, as it’s believed to prolong one’s life and nourish the soul by consequence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The flesh is the outer physical, sensory part of the self, whose outermost layer consists of skin and muscle. Hashka religions usually don’t emphasise consuming the flesh of other beings, instead focusing on maintaining one’s flesh in an optimal state. Practices that are believed to improve one’s flesh are ritual bathing, the use of aromatic ointments and, in some groups, scarification.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The soul is the incorporeal, emotional center of the self, where memory resides. Depression, panic, stress, etc. are all believed to be ailments that are generated from imbalances in the soul. It is believed to be housed in the heart, and because consuming another life’s soul is considered taboo, hearts of game are discarded across all hashka cultures.&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Religions]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Religions of Anschuhe]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka&amp;diff=10491</id>
		<title>Hashka</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka&amp;diff=10491"/>
		<updated>2026-09-27T20:52:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Taxobox|name=Hashka|image=Hashka.jpg|image_alt=|image_caption=A sketch of a (presumably male) haskha fisherman.|regnum=[[Wikipedia:Animalia|Animalia]]|phylum=[[Wikipedia:Chordata|Chordata]]|classis=[[Wikipedia:Mammalia|Mammalia]]|ordo=[[Wikipedia:Carnivora|Carnivora]]|familia=[[Haschidae]]|genus=&#039;&#039;[[Orthohascha]]&#039;&#039;|species=&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;O. garrula&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;|binomial=&#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;|binomial_authority=F.|status=LC|status_system=IUCN3.1|domain=[[Wikipedia:Eukarya|Eukarya]]|superfamilia=[[Wikipedia:Herpestoidea|Herpestoidea]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka&#039;&#039;&#039; (sg. and pl., alternative plural &#039;&#039;&#039;hashkae&#039;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;, [[Regal Dòn Proper]]: {{Cs|hsk|haBHkashiN}} &#039;&#039;Háàhkashin&#039;&#039;) are the native people of [[Anschuhe]], a non-[[Wikipedia:Hominin|hominin]] sapient species somewhat distantly related to the [[Wikipedia:hyena|hyenas]] of [[Nkungu]] and more closely to the [[Sveltewolf|sveltewolves]] of southern [[Ashnan]]. They originated around central-southern Ashnan, near modern-day [[Cicex]], approximately 60,000 years before present. Like the rest of their family, [[Haschidae]], they are [[Wikipedia:mesocarnivore|mesocarnivores]], with around 50% of their diet requiring meat. They are the only sapient members of genus [[Orthohascha]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Prehistory ===&lt;br /&gt;
Hashka are theorised to have gained sapience around 60,000 years ago within the territory nowadays occupied by [[Cicex]]. At the time, they were little more than hunter-gatherers, living in small and disperse pockets, with some knowledge of riverine sailing. Upon human expansion 40,000 years ago, most early hashka were either driven out or killed. The only surviving populations managed to sail to nearby [[Anschuhe]], where they thrived and expanded, covering most of the continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Hashka Copper Age ===&lt;br /&gt;
Evidence of early hashka copperwork can be found around eastern mountainous Anschuhe, dating to around 5900 BP, in the form of various vessels, weapons and bells. The nature of most of the weapons found, i.e. arrowheads and spearheads intended for hunting, lends credence to the theory that warfare amongst hashka populations was minimal or nonexistent at this time. [[Proto-Hro-Don language|Proto-Hro-Don]] is theorised to have originated around this era, ~5000 BP, around the mouth of the [[Fíó River]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Human contact ===&lt;br /&gt;
There is scant and inconclusive evidence of hashka-human contact before this time, but since 2000 CY it can be said that the early populations of modern-day [[Cicex]] and modern-day [[RSS]] have held tenuous trading partnerships.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Industrialisation ===&lt;br /&gt;
After the initial colonisation efforts by [[TSC]] which would later become the [[United Territories of Anschuhe]], a small industrial boom began in the more populous cities, while the rest of the continent remains mostly pastoralist.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Behaviour ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Social organisation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Hashka group themselves in hierarchical family units, with a matriarch at the very top, her unmarried female children under her, followed by the matriarch&#039;s male spouses, then her unmarried male children, and her young cubs at the very bottom.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Communication ===&lt;br /&gt;
While hashka primarily communicate through spoken language (mostly [[Hro-Don languages]]), their body language and emotional reactions are idiosyncratic and often hard to parse by unknowing humans. Below is a general guide.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Laughter is the main emotional response that may confuse a human; hashka usually laugh not as a result of happiness or pleasure, but as a response to stress, nervousness and/or anxiety. A happy laughter is tendentially a &amp;quot;woo&amp;quot; sound that rises and falls in pitch rhythmically. Similarly, a hashka smiling is usually an indicator of fear or stress, especially with ears angled flat.&lt;br /&gt;
* A pleasant sound hashka usually make is called the &#039;&#039;moo&#039;&#039;, a long, sustained low sound reminiscent of a cow mooing, which usually signifies calmness or affection.&lt;br /&gt;
* Angry hashka will usually emit a rolling growling/roaring sound from the back of their throats&lt;br /&gt;
* Hashka experience piloerection on most of their body fur but particularly their nape, which reacts to emotional impulse. A relaxed, slightly erected mane is the neutral position, while negative emotions are usually accompanied by a flattened mane. When preparing for an attack, the mane erects fully.&lt;br /&gt;
* Ear position is important in reading a hashka&#039;s emotions.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;Folded flat&#039;&#039;&#039;: fear, anxiety, concern.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;Folded back&#039;&#039;&#039;: anger, about to attack.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;Held upright&#039;&#039;&#039;: neutral, happiness.&lt;br /&gt;
* Tail motion is another notable factor. In its neutral position, it will hang limp. An erected, up-curled tail is usually a signifier of excitement, while a tail curled into the crotch is a sign of fear. A flick of the tail signifies discomfort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hashka physical communication also differs from humans&#039;. A typical display of affection between close friends is neck-to-neck contact, while romantic affection is usually demonstrated by touching noses and rubbing snouts against each other&#039;s fur.&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sapient species]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Hashka]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10483</id>
		<title>Sveltewolf</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10483"/>
		<updated>2026-09-27T19:56:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Automatic taxobox&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Sveltewolves&lt;br /&gt;
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|21|0}} [[Early Miocene]] – recent&lt;br /&gt;
| image = Hashkadiversity.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption = One example from each extant genus of Haschidae, clockwise from upper left: etzavazi sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039;), large-footed tree hyena (&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039;), ashnan sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039;), and [[hashka]] (&#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
| taxon = Haschidae&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus = &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus_authority = F.&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision = * &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschinae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Orthohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Plesicyoninae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Sveltewolves&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈsvɛltwʊlvz/ &#039;&#039;SVELT-wolves&#039;&#039;, /-tə-/ &#039;&#039;SVEL-tə-wolves&#039;&#039;) are [[Wikipedia:Feliform|feliform]] [[Wikipedia:Carnivoran|carnivoran]] mammals belonging to the [[Wikipedia:Family (taxonomy)|family]] &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈhaskɪdiː/ &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Latin pronunciation:&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; [ˈas.ki.dɛː]). It is a large and varied family of mostly crepuscular to nocturnal, small-animal predators distributed across [[Nkungu]], [[Etzavaz]] and southern coastal [[Ashnan]]. [[Hashka]] are the only extant members in [[Anschuhe]], even though they, too, are native to Ashnan, and were displaced out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Wikipedia:Phylogenetics|Phylogenetically]], sveltewolves are [[Wikipedia:herpestoidea|herpestoideans]] most closely related to the [[Wikipedia:hyena|hyenas]] of Nkungu and Etzavaz, of which the [[Wikipedia:aardwolf|aardwolf]] is the closest relative. Behaviourally, however, sveltewolves are closer to small canid species such as [[Wikipedia:fox|foxes]], with the major exception of the [[tree hyena]], which behaves similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Red panda|red panda]], and [[hashka]], which occupy a similar niche to [[Wikipedia:human|humans]] and [[Jötunn|jötnar]] as a sapient species.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phylogeny ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origins ===&lt;br /&gt;
Haschidae evolved from a common ancestor with [[Wikipedia:Hyena|hyaenids]] in the early [[Wikipedia:Miocene|Miocene]], around 21 million years ago. This ancestor physically resembled more basal hyenas such as the [[Wikipedia:Aardwolf|aardwolf]] and eventually went on to fill a similar niche outside of [[Nkungu]] as omnivores, never evolving the bite strength or bone-crushing capabilities of [[Wikipedia:Hyaeninae|Hyaeninae]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Plesicyoninae ===&lt;br /&gt;
Plesicyoninae are the subfamily closest to the basal sveltewolves. There are two distinct genera of Plesicyoninae: [[Paraproteles]], the aardwolf-like sveltewolves, and [[Plesicyon]], which mostly covers species found on [[Ashnan]]. This latter genus is characterised by a more slender body plan and semi-migratory tendencies, moving towards the coast during mating season and inland for the rest of the year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Haschinae ===&lt;br /&gt;
The common ancestor of the [[Haschinae]] was the thieving sveltewolf ([[Euhascha pseudocrocuta|&#039;&#039;Euhascha pseudocrocuta&#039;&#039;]]), a highly social, large sveltewolf that evolved somewhat similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Spotted hyena|spotted hyena]] as a carrion-eater taking advantage of wolf kills while also supplementing its diet with fruits, which explains its later omnivory. They eventually evolved tree-climbing as an escape strategy, which led to more fruit entering their diet as it was more easily accessible. This newfound frugivory, compounded by their tree-climbing behaviour, led to them evolving opposable pseudo-thumbs. The lineage leading to [[hashka]] eventually gained the cognitive abilities to create tools and fire, and led to their sapience around 60,000 years ago, during the late [[Wikipedia:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phylogenetic tree ===&lt;br /&gt;
{{clade|{{clade&lt;br /&gt;
  |label1=[[Plesicyoninae]] (Land-dwelling sveltewolves)&lt;br /&gt;
  |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039; (etzavazi sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039; (egg-stealing sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039; (ashnan sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039; (red sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |3=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon crinatus]]&#039;&#039; (greater sveltewolf) &lt;br /&gt;
        |4=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon glaucus]]&#039;&#039; (boreal sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }}&lt;br /&gt;
  |label2=[[Haschinae]] (Tree-dwelling sveltewolves and hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
  |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Hashka|Orthohascha garrula]]&#039;&#039; (hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039; (large-footed tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha latrans]]&#039;&#039; (barking tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }} }}|style=font-size:80%; line-height:80%|label1=&#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Characteristics ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Physical characteristics ===&lt;br /&gt;
Although sveltewolves are highly varied, some common physical characteristics can be observed. Most sveltewolves, with the exception of the red sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039;), tend to have muted, desaturated coat colours ranging in the greys, blacks, whites and browns. These coats tend to darken around the face and neck, limbs, and the ends of their tails. The lighter-coloured areas are usually covered in faint stripes. They are endowed with manes, which in some species extend around the entirety of the neck, and are softer than the coarser fur around the rest of the body. This mane can be used in communication through piloerection. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolf ears tend to be large and round-tipped, their noses somewhat flatter than those of [[Wikipedia:Canid|canids]], and their necks more elongated than those of their hyena relatives. Their tails are usually slim and tipped with bristle-like fluff which may, like the mane, also piloerect as an emotional response. Their tongues are strikingly cat-like, with noticeable backwards-facing spines along the upper surface.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Haschinae]], the forest tree-dwelling subfamily including [[hashka]], are highly divergent while also retaining some features from their land-dwelling relatives. They possess opposable pseudo-thumbs evolved from the ancestral index finger. Although not as dextrous as those of [[Wikipedia:Primate|primates]], they still allow for enough complex manipulation in hashka to grasp, make tools, write, etc., and in [[Nemohascha]] to grasp branches and fruit. Their tails also tend to be bigger, meatier, and more articulated, although in hashka they are greatly reduced, as they have not contributed to their balance for several hundred thousand years. It is theorised that hashka have retained their arguably vestigial tails for the purposes of emoting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Behaviour ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves, with the exception of [[hashka]], generally feed on small animals, insects, and eggs. Some species may specialise their diets further, such as the egg-stealing sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039;), or the members of genus [[Nemohascha]], which primarily feed on fruit and bird eggs. They are tendentially [[Wikipedia:Sociality#Solitary but social|solitary-but-social]], only demonstrating higher sociality in members of the [[Haschinae]] subfamily, all of whom mate for life. On average, sveltewolves live about twenty to thirty years, with, again, the exception of hashka, who live up to eighty. Communication (not counting hashka&#039;s complex languages) usually consists of &amp;quot;giggles&amp;quot; (laugh-like vocalisations noticeably not as raucous as those of [[Wikipedia:Spotted hyena|spotted hyenas]]), guttural barks and growls, and chuffs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reproductive strategies vary by genus; [[Paraproteles]] members mate through the wet season, meeting occasionally but never remaining with one mate for life. [[Plesicyon]] members instead follow a migratory pattern, moving towards the warmer southern coasts during the spring and remaining in the cooler inland portions of [[Ashnan]] the rest of the year. [[Haschinae]] in general tend to mate for life, with the female taking a dominant role and serving as the matriarch figure in a family unit. Hashka follow this pattern, and have indeed extrapolated it into a fully hierarchical, complex, matriarchal family unit system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Relationships with humans and hashka ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Folklore, mythology and literature ===&lt;br /&gt;
{hey, y&#039;all, please fill this out with cultural notes and mythology about sveltewolves in your cultures}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Attacks ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves in general, due to their skittish and solitary nature, rarely if ever attack unprovoked, and very few attested deaths can be attributed to them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== In popular culture ===&lt;br /&gt;
{same as folklore section}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sveltewolves]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Anschuhe]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10472</id>
		<title>Sveltewolf</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10472"/>
		<updated>2026-09-27T19:35:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Automatic taxobox&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Sveltewolves&lt;br /&gt;
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|21|0}} [[Early Miocene]] – recent&lt;br /&gt;
| image = Hashkadiversity.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption = One example from each extant genus of Haschidae, clockwise from upper left: etzavazi sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039;), tree hyena (&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039;), ashnan sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039;), and [[hashka]] (&#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
| taxon = Haschidae&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus = &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus_authority = F.&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision = * &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschinae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Orthohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Plesicyoninae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Sveltewolves&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈsvɛltwʊlvz/ &#039;&#039;SVELT-wolves&#039;&#039;, /-tə-/ &#039;&#039;SVEL-tə-wolves&#039;&#039;) are [[Wikipedia:Feliform|feliform]] [[Wikipedia:Carnivoran|carnivoran]] mammals belonging to the [[Wikipedia:Family (taxonomy)|family]] &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈhaskɪdiː/ &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Latin pronunciation:&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; [ˈas.ki.dɛː]). It is a large and varied family of mostly crepuscular to nocturnal, small-animal predators distributed across [[Nkungu]], [[Etzavaz]] and southern coastal [[Ashnan]]. [[Hashka]] are the only extant members in [[Anschuhe]], even though they, too, are native to Ashnan, and were displaced out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Wikipedia:Phylogenetics|Phylogenetically]], sveltewolves are [[Wikipedia:herpestoidea|herpestoideans]] most closely related to the [[Wikipedia:hyena|hyenas]] of Nkungu and Etzavaz, of which the [[Wikipedia:aardwolf|aardwolf]] is the closest relative. Behaviourally, however, sveltewolves are closer to small canid species such as [[Wikipedia:fox|foxes]], with the major exception of the [[tree hyena]], which behaves similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Red panda|red panda]], and [[hashka]], which occupy a similar niche to [[Wikipedia:human|humans]] and [[Jötunn|jötnar]] as a sapient species.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phylogeny ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origins ===&lt;br /&gt;
Haschidae evolved from a common ancestor with [[Wikipedia:Hyena|hyaenids]] in the early [[Wikipedia:Miocene|Miocene]], around 21 million years ago. This ancestor physically resembled more basal hyenas such as the [[Wikipedia:Aardwolf|aardwolf]] and eventually went on to fill a similar niche outside of [[Nkungu]] as omnivores, never evolving the bite strength or bone-crushing capabilities of [[Wikipedia:Hyaeninae|Hyaeninae]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Plesicyoninae ===&lt;br /&gt;
Plesicyoninae are the subfamily closest to the basal sveltewolves. There are two distinct genera of Plesicyoninae: [[Paraproteles]], the aardwolf-like sveltewolves, and [[Plesicyon]], which mostly covers species found on [[Ashnan]]. This latter genus is characterised by a more slender body plan and semi-migratory tendencies, moving towards the coast during mating season and inland for the rest of the year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Haschinae ===&lt;br /&gt;
The common ancestor of the [[Haschinae]] was the thieving sveltewolf ([[Euhascha pseudocrocuta|&#039;&#039;Euhascha pseudocrocuta&#039;&#039;]]), a highly social, large sveltewolf that evolved somewhat similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Spotted hyena|spotted hyena]] as a carrion-eater taking advantage of wolf kills while also supplementing its diet with fruits, which explains its later omnivory. They eventually evolved tree-climbing as an escape strategy, which led to more fruit entering their diet as it was more easily accessible. This newfound frugivory, compounded by their tree-climbing behaviour, led to them evolving opposable pseudo-thumbs. The lineage leading to [[hashka]] eventually gained the cognitive abilities to create tools and fire, and led to their sapience around 60,000 years ago, during the late [[Wikipedia:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phylogenetic tree ===&lt;br /&gt;
{{clade|{{clade&lt;br /&gt;
  |label1=[[Plesicyoninae]] (Land-dwelling sveltewolves)&lt;br /&gt;
  |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039; (etzavazi sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039; (egg-stealing sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039; (ashnan sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039; (red sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |3=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon crinatus]]&#039;&#039; (greater sveltewolf) &lt;br /&gt;
        |4=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon glaucus]]&#039;&#039; (boreal sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }}&lt;br /&gt;
  |label2=[[Haschinae]] (Tree-dwelling sveltewolves and hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
  |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Hashka|Orthohascha garrula]]&#039;&#039; (hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039; (large-footed tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha latrans]]&#039;&#039; (barking tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }} }}|style=font-size:80%; line-height:80%|label1=&#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Characteristics ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Physical characteristics ===&lt;br /&gt;
Although sveltewolves are highly varied, some common physical characteristics can be observed. Most sveltewolves, with the exception of the red sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039;), tend to have muted, desaturated coat colours ranging in the greys, blacks, whites and browns. These coats tend to darken around the face and neck, limbs, and the ends of their tails. The lighter-coloured areas are usually covered in faint stripes. They are endowed with manes, which in some species extend around the entirety of the neck, and are softer than the coarser fur around the rest of the body. This mane can be used in communication through piloerection. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolf ears tend to be large and round-tipped, their noses somewhat flatter than those of [[Wikipedia:Canid|canids]], and their necks more elongated than those of their hyena relatives. Their tails are usually slim and tipped with bristle-like fluff which may, like the mane, also piloerect as an emotional response. Their tongues are strikingly cat-like, with noticeable backwards-facing spines along the upper surface.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Haschinae]], the forest tree-dwelling subfamily including [[hashka]], are highly divergent while also retaining some features from their land-dwelling relatives. They possess opposable pseudo-thumbs evolved from the ancestral index finger. Although not as dextrous as those of [[Wikipedia:Primate|primates]], they still allow for enough complex manipulation in hashka to grasp, make tools, write, etc., and in [[Nemohascha]] to grasp branches and fruit. Their tails also tend to be bigger, meatier, and more articulated, although in hashka they are greatly reduced, as they have not contributed to their balance for several hundred thousand years. It is theorised that hashka have retained their arguably vestigial tails for the purposes of emoting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Behaviour ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves, with the exception of [[hashka]], generally feed on small animals, insects, and eggs. Some species may specialise their diets further, such as the egg-stealing sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039;), or the members of genus [[Nemohascha]], which primarily feed on fruit and bird eggs. They are tendentially [[Wikipedia:Sociality#Solitary but social|solitary-but-social]], only demonstrating higher sociality in members of the [[Haschinae]] subfamily, all of whom mate for life. On average, sveltewolves live about twenty to thirty years, with, again, the exception of hashka, who live up to eighty. Communication (not counting hashka&#039;s complex languages) usually consists of &amp;quot;giggles&amp;quot; (laugh-like vocalisations noticeably not as raucous as those of [[Wikipedia:Spotted hyena|spotted hyenas]]), guttural barks and growls, and chuffs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reproductive strategies vary by genus; [[Paraproteles]] members mate through the wet season, meeting occasionally but never remaining with one mate for life. [[Plesicyon]] members instead follow a migratory pattern, moving towards the warmer southern coasts during the spring and remaining in the cooler inland portions of [[Ashnan]] the rest of the year. [[Haschinae]] in general tend to mate for life, with the female taking a dominant role and serving as the matriarch figure in a family unit. Hashka follow this pattern, and have indeed extrapolated it into a fully hierarchical, complex, matriarchal family unit system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Relationships with humans and hashka ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Folklore, mythology and literature ===&lt;br /&gt;
{hey, y&#039;all, please fill this out with cultural notes and mythology about sveltewolves in your cultures}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Attacks ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves in general, due to their skittish and solitary nature, rarely if ever attack unprovoked, and very few attested deaths can be attributed to them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== In popular culture ===&lt;br /&gt;
{same as folklore section}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sveltewolves]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Anschuhe]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10468</id>
		<title>Sveltewolf</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10468"/>
		<updated>2026-09-27T19:31:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Automatic taxobox&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Sveltewolves&lt;br /&gt;
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|21|0}} [[Early Miocene]] – recent&lt;br /&gt;
| image = Hashkadiversity.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption = &amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;jth-no-redlink-dagger&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One example from each extant genus of Haschidae, clockwise from upper left: etzavazi sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039;), tree hyena (&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039;), ashnan sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039;), and [[hashka]] (&#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;) &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| taxon = Haschidae&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus = &amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;jth-no-redlink-dagger&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus_authority = F.&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision = &amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;jth-no-redlink-dagger&amp;quot;&amp;gt; * &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschinae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Orthohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Plesicyoninae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Sveltewolves&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈsvɛltwʊlvz/ &#039;&#039;SVELT-wolves&#039;&#039;, /-tə-/ &#039;&#039;SVEL-tə-wolves&#039;&#039;) are [[Wikipedia:Feliform|feliform]] [[Wikipedia:Carnivoran|carnivoran]] mammals belonging to the [[Wikipedia:Family (taxonomy)|family]] &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈhaskɪdiː/ &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Latin pronunciation:&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; [ˈas.ki.dɛː]). It is a large and varied family of mostly crepuscular to nocturnal, small-animal predators distributed across [[Nkungu]], [[Etzavaz]] and southern coastal [[Ashnan]]. [[Hashka]] are the only extant members in [[Anschuhe]], even though they, too, are native to Ashnan, and were displaced out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;jth-no-redlink-dagger&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Wikipedia:Phylogenetics|Phylogenetically]], sveltewolves are [[Wikipedia:herpestoidea|herpestoideans]] most closely related to the [[Wikipedia:hyena|hyenas]] of Nkungu and Etzavaz, of which the [[Wikipedia:aardwolf|aardwolf]] is the closest relative. Behaviourally, however, sveltewolves are closer to small canid species such as [[Wikipedia:fox|foxes]], with the major exception of the [[tree hyena]], which behaves similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Red panda|red panda]], and [[hashka]], which occupy a similar niche to [[Wikipedia:human|humans]] and [[Jötunn|jötnar]] as a sapient species.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phylogeny ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origins ===&lt;br /&gt;
Haschidae evolved from a common ancestor with [[Wikipedia:Hyena|hyaenids]] in the early [[Wikipedia:Miocene|Miocene]], around 21 million years ago. This ancestor physically resembled more basal hyenas such as the [[Wikipedia:Aardwolf|aardwolf]] and eventually went on to fill a similar niche outside of [[Nkungu]] as omnivores, never evolving the bite strength or bone-crushing capabilities of [[Wikipedia:Hyaeninae|Hyaeninae]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Plesicyoninae ===&lt;br /&gt;
Plesicyoninae are the subfamily closest to the basal sveltewolves. There are two distinct genera of Plesicyoninae: [[Paraproteles]], the aardwolf-like sveltewolves, and [[Plesicyon]], which mostly covers species found on [[Ashnan]]. This latter genus is characterised by a more slender body plan and semi-migratory tendencies, moving towards the coast during mating season and inland for the rest of the year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Haschinae ===&lt;br /&gt;
The common ancestor of the [[Haschinae]] was the thieving sveltewolf ([[Euhascha pseudocrocuta|&#039;&#039;Euhascha pseudocrocuta&#039;&#039;]]), a highly social, large sveltewolf that evolved somewhat similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Spotted hyena|spotted hyena]] as a carrion-eater taking advantage of wolf kills while also supplementing its diet with fruits, which explains its later omnivory. They eventually evolved tree-climbing as an escape strategy, which led to more fruit entering their diet as it was more easily accessible. This newfound frugivory, compounded by their tree-climbing behaviour, led to them evolving opposable pseudo-thumbs. The lineage leading to [[hashka]] eventually gained the cognitive abilities to create tools and fire, and led to their sapience around 60,000 years ago, during the late [[Wikipedia:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]].&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phylogenetic tree ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;jth-no-redlink-dagger&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{clade|{{clade&lt;br /&gt;
  |label1=[[Plesicyoninae]] (Land-dwelling sveltewolves)&lt;br /&gt;
  |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039; (etzavazi sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039; (egg-stealing sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039; (ashnan sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039; (red sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |3=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon crinatus]]&#039;&#039; (greater sveltewolf) &lt;br /&gt;
        |4=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon glaucus]]&#039;&#039; (boreal sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }}&lt;br /&gt;
  |label2=[[Haschinae]] (Tree-dwelling sveltewolves and hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
  |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Hashka|Orthohascha garrula]]&#039;&#039; (hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039; (large-footed tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha latrans]]&#039;&#039; (barking tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }} }}|style=font-size:80%; line-height:80%|label1=&#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Characteristics ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Physical characteristics ===&lt;br /&gt;
Although sveltewolves are highly varied, some common physical characteristics can be observed. Most sveltewolves, with the exception of the red sveltewolf (&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;jth-no-redlink-dagger&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;), tend to have muted, desaturated coat colours ranging in the greys, blacks, whites and browns. These coats tend to darken around the face and neck, limbs, and the ends of their tails. The lighter-coloured areas are usually covered in faint stripes. They are endowed with manes, which in some species extend around the entirety of the neck, and are softer than the coarser fur around the rest of the body. This mane can be used in communication through piloerection. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolf ears tend to be large and round-tipped, their noses somewhat flatter than those of [[Wikipedia:Canid|canids]], and their necks more elongated than those of their hyena relatives. Their tails are usually slim and tipped with bristle-like fluff which may, like the mane, also piloerect as an emotional response. Their tongues are strikingly cat-like, with noticeable backwards-facing spines along the upper surface.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;jth-no-redlink-dagger&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Haschinae]], the forest tree-dwelling subfamily including [[hashka]], are highly divergent while also retaining some features from their land-dwelling relatives. They possess opposable pseudo-thumbs evolved from the ancestral index finger. Although not as dextrous as those of [[Wikipedia:Primate|primates]], they still allow for enough complex manipulation in hashka to grasp, make tools, write, etc., and in [[Nemohascha]] to grasp branches and fruit. Their tails also tend to be bigger, meatier, and more articulated, although in hashka they are greatly reduced, as they have not contributed to their balance for several hundred thousand years. It is theorised that hashka have retained their arguably vestigial tails for the purposes of emoting.&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Behaviour ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;jth-no-redlink-dagger&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Sveltewolves, with the exception of [[hashka]], generally feed on small animals, insects, and eggs. Some species may specialise their diets further, such as the egg-stealing sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039;), or the members of genus [[Nemohascha]], which primarily feed on fruit and bird eggs. They are tendentially [[Wikipedia:Sociality#Solitary but social|solitary-but-social]], only demonstrating higher sociality in members of the [[Haschinae]] subfamily, all of whom mate for life. On average, sveltewolves live about twenty to thirty years, with, again, the exception of hashka, who live up to eighty. Communication (not counting hashka&#039;s complex languages) usually consists of &amp;quot;giggles&amp;quot; (laugh-like vocalisations noticeably not as raucous as those of [[Wikipedia:Spotted hyena|spotted hyenas]]), guttural barks and growls, and chuffs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reproductive strategies vary by genus; [[Paraproteles]] members mate through the wet season, meeting occasionally but never remaining with one mate for life. [[Plesicyon]] members instead follow a migratory pattern, moving towards the warmer southern coasts during the spring and remaining in the cooler inland portions of [[Ashnan]] the rest of the year. [[Haschinae]] in general tend to mate for life, with the female taking a dominant role and serving as the matriarch figure in a family unit. Hashka follow this pattern, and have indeed extrapolated it into a fully hierarchical, complex, matriarchal family unit system.&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Relationships with humans and hashka ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Folklore, mythology and literature ===&lt;br /&gt;
{hey, y&#039;all, please fill this out with cultural notes and mythology about sveltewolves in your cultures}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Attacks ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves in general, due to their skittish and solitary nature, rarely if ever attack unprovoked, and very few attested deaths can be attributed to them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== In popular culture ===&lt;br /&gt;
{same as folklore section}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sveltewolves]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Anschuhe]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10465</id>
		<title>Sveltewolf</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10465"/>
		<updated>2026-09-27T19:30:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Automatic taxobox&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Sveltewolves&lt;br /&gt;
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|21|0}} [[Early Miocene]] – recent&lt;br /&gt;
| image = Hashkadiversity.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption = &amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;jth-no-redlink-dagger&amp;quot;&amp;gt;One example from each extant genus of Haschidae, clockwise from upper left: etzavazi sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039;), tree hyena (&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039;), ashnan sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039;), and [[hashka]] (&#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;) &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| taxon = Haschidae&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus = &amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;jth-no-redlink-dagger&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus_authority = F.&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision = &amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;jth-no-redlink-dagger&amp;quot;&amp;gt; * &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschinae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Orthohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Plesicyoninae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Sveltewolves&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈsvɛltwʊlvz/ &#039;&#039;SVELT-wolves&#039;&#039;, /-tə-/ &#039;&#039;SVEL-tə-wolves&#039;&#039;) are [[Wikipedia:Feliform|feliform]] [[Wikipedia:Carnivoran|carnivoran]] mammals belonging to the [[Wikipedia:Family (taxonomy)|family]] &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈhaskɪdiː/ &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Latin pronunciation:&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; [ˈas.ki.dɛː]). It is a large and varied family of mostly crepuscular to nocturnal, small-animal predators distributed across [[Nkungu]], [[Etzavaz]] and southern coastal [[Ashnan]]. [[Hashka]] are the only extant members in [[Anschuhe]], even though they, too, are native to Ashnan, and were displaced out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Wikipedia:Phylogenetics|Phylogenetically]], sveltewolves are [[Wikipedia:herpestoidea|herpestoideans]] most closely related to the [[Wikipedia:hyena|hyenas]] of Nkungu and Etzavaz, of which the [[Wikipedia:aardwolf|aardwolf]] is the closest relative. Behaviourally, however, sveltewolves are closer to small canid species such as [[Wikipedia:fox|foxes]], with the major exception of the [[tree hyena]], which behaves similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Red panda|red panda]], and [[hashka]], which occupy a similar niche to [[Wikipedia:human|humans]] and [[Jötunn|jötnar]] as a sapient species.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phylogeny ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origins ===&lt;br /&gt;
Haschidae evolved from a common ancestor with [[Wikipedia:Hyena|hyaenids]] in the early [[Wikipedia:Miocene|Miocene]], around 21 million years ago. This ancestor physically resembled more basal hyenas such as the [[Wikipedia:Aardwolf|aardwolf]] and eventually went on to fill a similar niche outside of [[Nkungu]] as omnivores, never evolving the bite strength or bone-crushing capabilities of [[Wikipedia:Hyaeninae|Hyaeninae]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Plesicyoninae ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;jth-no-redlink-dagger&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Plesicyoninae are the subfamily closest to the basal sveltewolves. There are two distinct genera of Plesicyoninae: [[Paraproteles]], the aardwolf-like sveltewolves, and [[Plesicyon]], which mostly covers species found on [[Ashnan]]. This latter genus is characterised by a more slender body plan and semi-migratory tendencies, moving towards the coast during mating season and inland for the rest of the year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Haschinae ===&lt;br /&gt;
The common ancestor of the [[Haschinae]] was the thieving sveltewolf ([[Euhascha pseudocrocuta|&#039;&#039;Euhascha pseudocrocuta&#039;&#039;]]), a highly social, large sveltewolf that evolved somewhat similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Spotted hyena|spotted hyena]] as a carrion-eater taking advantage of wolf kills while also supplementing its diet with fruits, which explains its later omnivory. They eventually evolved tree-climbing as an escape strategy, which led to more fruit entering their diet as it was more easily accessible. This newfound frugivory, compounded by their tree-climbing behaviour, led to them evolving opposable pseudo-thumbs. The lineage leading to [[hashka]] eventually gained the cognitive abilities to create tools and fire, and led to their sapience around 60,000 years ago, during the late [[Wikipedia:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]].&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phylogenetic tree ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;jth-no-redlink-dagger&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{clade|{{clade&lt;br /&gt;
  |label1=[[Plesicyoninae]] (Land-dwelling sveltewolves)&lt;br /&gt;
  |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039; (etzavazi sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039; (egg-stealing sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039; (ashnan sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039; (red sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |3=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon crinatus]]&#039;&#039; (greater sveltewolf) &lt;br /&gt;
        |4=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon glaucus]]&#039;&#039; (boreal sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }}&lt;br /&gt;
  |label2=[[Haschinae]] (Tree-dwelling sveltewolves and hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
  |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Hashka|Orthohascha garrula]]&#039;&#039; (hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039; (large-footed tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha latrans]]&#039;&#039; (barking tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }} }}|style=font-size:80%; line-height:80%|label1=&#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Characteristics ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Physical characteristics ===&lt;br /&gt;
Although sveltewolves are highly varied, some common physical characteristics can be observed. Most sveltewolves, with the exception of the red sveltewolf (&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;jth-no-redlink-dagger&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;), tend to have muted, desaturated coat colours ranging in the greys, blacks, whites and browns. These coats tend to darken around the face and neck, limbs, and the ends of their tails. The lighter-coloured areas are usually covered in faint stripes. They are endowed with manes, which in some species extend around the entirety of the neck, and are softer than the coarser fur around the rest of the body. This mane can be used in communication through piloerection. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolf ears tend to be large and round-tipped, their noses somewhat flatter than those of [[Wikipedia:Canid|canids]], and their necks more elongated than those of their hyena relatives. Their tails are usually slim and tipped with bristle-like fluff which may, like the mane, also piloerect as an emotional response. Their tongues are strikingly cat-like, with noticeable backwards-facing spines along the upper surface.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;jth-no-redlink-dagger&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Haschinae]], the forest tree-dwelling subfamily including [[hashka]], are highly divergent while also retaining some features from their land-dwelling relatives. They possess opposable pseudo-thumbs evolved from the ancestral index finger. Although not as dextrous as those of [[Wikipedia:Primate|primates]], they still allow for enough complex manipulation in hashka to grasp, make tools, write, etc., and in [[Nemohascha]] to grasp branches and fruit. Their tails also tend to be bigger, meatier, and more articulated, although in hashka they are greatly reduced, as they have not contributed to their balance for several hundred thousand years. It is theorised that hashka have retained their arguably vestigial tails for the purposes of emoting.&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Behaviour ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;jth-no-redlink-dagger&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Sveltewolves, with the exception of [[hashka]], generally feed on small animals, insects, and eggs. Some species may specialise their diets further, such as the egg-stealing sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039;), or the members of genus [[Nemohascha]], which primarily feed on fruit and bird eggs. They are tendentially [[Wikipedia:Sociality#Solitary but social|solitary-but-social]], only demonstrating higher sociality in members of the [[Haschinae]] subfamily, all of whom mate for life. On average, sveltewolves live about twenty to thirty years, with, again, the exception of hashka, who live up to eighty. Communication (not counting hashka&#039;s complex languages) usually consists of &amp;quot;giggles&amp;quot; (laugh-like vocalisations noticeably not as raucous as those of [[Wikipedia:Spotted hyena|spotted hyenas]]), guttural barks and growls, and chuffs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reproductive strategies vary by genus; [[Paraproteles]] members mate through the wet season, meeting occasionally but never remaining with one mate for life. [[Plesicyon]] members instead follow a migratory pattern, moving towards the warmer southern coasts during the spring and remaining in the cooler inland portions of [[Ashnan]] the rest of the year. [[Haschinae]] in general tend to mate for life, with the female taking a dominant role and serving as the matriarch figure in a family unit. Hashka follow this pattern, and have indeed extrapolated it into a fully hierarchical, complex, matriarchal family unit system.&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Relationships with humans and hashka ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Folklore, mythology and literature ===&lt;br /&gt;
{hey, y&#039;all, please fill this out with cultural notes and mythology about sveltewolves in your cultures}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Attacks ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves in general, due to their skittish and solitary nature, rarely if ever attack unprovoked, and very few attested deaths can be attributed to them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== In popular culture ===&lt;br /&gt;
{same as folklore section}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sveltewolves]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Anschuhe]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10459</id>
		<title>Sveltewolf</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10459"/>
		<updated>2026-09-27T19:25:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Automatic taxobox&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Sveltewolves&lt;br /&gt;
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|21|0}} [[Early Miocene]] – recent&lt;br /&gt;
| image = Hashkadiversity.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption = One example from each extant genus of Haschidae, clockwise from upper left: etzavazi sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039;), tree hyena (&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039;), ashnan sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039;), and [[hashka]] (&#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
| taxon = Haschidae&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus = &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus_authority = F.&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision = &amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;jth-no-redlink-dagger&amp;quot;&amp;gt; * &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschinae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Orthohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Plesicyoninae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Sveltewolves&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈsvɛltwʊlvz/ &#039;&#039;SVELT-wolves&#039;&#039;, /-tə-/ &#039;&#039;SVEL-tə-wolves&#039;&#039;) are [[Wikipedia:Feliform|feliform]] [[Wikipedia:Carnivoran|carnivoran]] mammals belonging to the [[Wikipedia:Family (taxonomy)|family]] &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈhaskɪdiː/ &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Latin pronunciation:&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; [ˈas.ki.dɛː]). It is a large and varied family of mostly crepuscular to nocturnal, small-animal predators distributed across [[Nkungu]], [[Etzavaz]] and southern coastal [[Ashnan]]. [[Hashka]] are the only extant members in [[Anschuhe]], even though they, too, are native to Ashnan, and were displaced out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Wikipedia:Phylogenetics|Phylogenetically]], sveltewolves are [[Wikipedia:herpestoidea|herpestoideans]] most closely related to the [[Wikipedia:hyena|hyenas]] of Nkungu and Etzavaz, of which the [[Wikipedia:aardwolf|aardwolf]] is the closest relative. Behaviourally, however, sveltewolves are closer to small canid species such as [[Wikipedia:fox|foxes]], with the major exception of the [[tree hyena]], which behaves similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Red panda|red panda]], and [[hashka]], which occupy a similar niche to [[Wikipedia:human|humans]] and [[Jötunn|jötnar]] as a sapient species.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phylogeny ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origins ===&lt;br /&gt;
Haschidae evolved from a common ancestor with [[Wikipedia:Hyena|hyaenids]] in the early [[Wikipedia:Miocene|Miocene]], around 21 million years ago. This ancestor physically resembled more basal hyenas such as the [[Wikipedia:Aardwolf|aardwolf]] and eventually went on to fill a similar niche outside of [[Nkungu]] as omnivores, never evolving the bite strength or bone-crushing capabilities of [[Wikipedia:Hyaeninae|Hyaeninae]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Plesicyoninae ===&lt;br /&gt;
Plesicyoninae are the subfamily closest to the basal sveltewolves. There are two distinct genera of Plesicyoninae: [[Paraproteles]], the aardwolf-like sveltewolves, and [[Plesicyon]], which mostly covers species found on [[Ashnan]]. This latter genus is characterised by a more slender body plan and semi-migratory tendencies, moving towards the coast during mating season and inland for the rest of the year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Haschinae ===&lt;br /&gt;
The common ancestor of the [[Haschinae]] was the thieving sveltewolf ([[Euhascha pseudocrocuta|&#039;&#039;Euhascha pseudocrocuta&#039;&#039;]]), a highly social, large sveltewolf that evolved somewhat similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Spotted hyena|spotted hyena]] as a carrion-eater taking advantage of wolf kills while also supplementing its diet with fruits, which explains its later omnivory. They eventually evolved tree-climbing as an escape strategy, which led to more fruit entering their diet as it was more easily accessible. This newfound frugivory, compounded by their tree-climbing behaviour, led to them evolving opposable pseudo-thumbs. The lineage leading to [[hashka]] eventually gained the cognitive abilities to create tools and fire, and led to their sapience around 60,000 years ago, during the late [[Wikipedia:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phylogenetic tree ===&lt;br /&gt;
{{clade|{{clade&lt;br /&gt;
  |label1=[[Plesicyoninae]] (Land-dwelling sveltewolves)&lt;br /&gt;
  |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039; (etzavazi sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039; (egg-stealing sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039; (ashnan sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039; (red sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |3=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon crinatus]]&#039;&#039; (greater sveltewolf) &lt;br /&gt;
        |4=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon glaucus]]&#039;&#039; (boreal sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }}&lt;br /&gt;
  |label2=[[Haschinae]] (Tree-dwelling sveltewolves and hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
  |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Hashka|Orthohascha garrula]]&#039;&#039; (hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039; (large-footed tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha latrans]]&#039;&#039; (barking tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }} }}|style=font-size:80%; line-height:80%|label1=&#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Characteristics ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Physical characteristics ===&lt;br /&gt;
Although sveltewolves are highly varied, some common physical characteristics can be observed. Most sveltewolves, with the exception of the red sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039;), tend to have muted, desaturated coat colours ranging in the greys, blacks, whites and browns. These coats tend to darken around the face and neck, limbs, and the ends of their tails. The lighter-coloured areas are usually covered in faint stripes. They are endowed with manes, which in some species extend around the entirety of the neck, and are softer than the coarser fur around the rest of the body. This mane can be used in communication through piloerection. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolf ears tend to be large and round-tipped, their noses somewhat flatter than those of [[Wikipedia:Canid|canids]], and their necks more elongated than those of their hyena relatives. Their tails are usually slim and tipped with bristle-like fluff which may, like the mane, also piloerect as an emotional response. Their tongues are strikingly cat-like, with noticeable backwards-facing spines along the upper surface.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Haschinae]], the forest tree-dwelling subfamily including [[hashka]], are highly divergent while also retaining some features from their land-dwelling relatives. They possess opposable pseudo-thumbs evolved from the ancestral index finger. Although not as dextrous as those of [[Wikipedia:Primate|primates]], they still allow for enough complex manipulation in hashka to grasp, make tools, write, etc., and in [[Nemohascha]] to grasp branches and fruit. Their tails also tend to be bigger, meatier, and more articulated, although in hashka they are greatly reduced, as they have not contributed to their balance for several hundred thousand years. It is theorised that hashka have retained their arguably vestigial tails for the purposes of emoting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Behaviour ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves, with the exception of [[hashka]], generally feed on small animals, insects, and eggs. Some species may specialise their diets further, such as the egg-stealing sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039;), or the members of genus [[Nemohascha]], which primarily feed on fruit and bird eggs. They are tendentially [[Wikipedia:Sociality#Solitary but social|solitary-but-social]], only demonstrating higher sociality in members of the [[Haschinae]] subfamily, all of whom mate for life. On average, sveltewolves live about twenty to thirty years, with, again, the exception of hashka, who live up to eighty. Communication (not counting hashka&#039;s complex languages) usually consists of &amp;quot;giggles&amp;quot; (laugh-like vocalisations noticeably not as raucous as those of [[Wikipedia:Spotted hyena|spotted hyenas]]), guttural barks and growls, and chuffs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reproductive strategies vary by genus; [[Paraproteles]] members mate through the wet season, meeting occasionally but never remaining with one mate for life. [[Plesicyon]] members instead follow a migratory pattern, moving towards the warmer southern coasts during the spring and remaining in the cooler inland portions of [[Ashnan]] the rest of the year. [[Haschinae]] in general tend to mate for life, with the female taking a dominant role and serving as the matriarch figure in a family unit. Hashka follow this pattern, and have indeed extrapolated it into a fully hierarchical, complex, matriarchal family unit system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Relationships with humans and hashka ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Folklore, mythology and literature ===&lt;br /&gt;
{hey, y&#039;all, please fill this out with cultural notes and mythology about sveltewolves in your cultures}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Attacks ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves in general, due to their skittish and solitary nature, rarely if ever attack unprovoked, and very few attested deaths can be attributed to them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== In popular culture ===&lt;br /&gt;
{same as folklore section}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sveltewolves]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Anschuhe]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rowanino&amp;diff=10383</id>
		<title>User:Rowanino</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rowanino&amp;diff=10383"/>
		<updated>2026-09-27T15:29:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: Created page with &amp;quot;i made the hashka and kind of am in charge of anschuhe as a result. yes i am a furry how could you tell&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;i made the [[hashka]] and kind of am in charge of [[anschuhe]] as a result. yes i am a furry how could you tell&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka_religion&amp;diff=10103</id>
		<title>Hashka religion</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka_religion&amp;diff=10103"/>
		<updated>2026-09-25T16:37:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox religion|icon=HashkaTrinity.svg|icon_width=60px|name=Hashka religion|native_name={{cs|hsk|HkvnvZraF}} {{small|([[Regal Dòn Proper|RDP]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|hsk|oAkxkaraA}} {{small|([[Butakkin language|Butakkin]])}}|image=|caption=|type=[[Wikipedia:Ethnic religion|Ethnic religion]]|scripture=|theology=Animistic|language=[[Regal Dòn Proper]]|territory=[[Anschuhe]], origin unclear}}&#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka religion&#039;&#039;&#039;, sometimes called &#039;&#039;&#039;hashka Revelations&#039;&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;&#039;Hkunurá&#039;&#039;&#039;, generally refers to the beliefs and mythology of the [[hashka]] population of [[Anschuhe]]. While varied, each local belief is recognisably related, and general patterns can be identified.&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Religions]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Religions of Anschuhe]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka_religion&amp;diff=10087</id>
		<title>Hashka religion</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka_religion&amp;diff=10087"/>
		<updated>2026-09-25T00:48:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox religion|icon=|name=Hashka religion|native_name={{cs|hsk|HkvnvZraF}} {{small|([[Regal Dòn Proper|RDP]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|hsk|oAkxkaraA}} {{small|([[Butakkin language|Butakkin]])}}|image=|caption=|type=[[Wikipedia:Ethnic religion|Ethnic religion]]|scripture=|theology=Animistic|language=[[Regal Dòn Proper]]|territory=[[Anschuhe]], origin unclear}}&#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka religion&#039;&#039;&#039;, sometimes called &#039;&#039;&#039;hashka Revelations&#039;&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;&#039;Hkunurá&#039;&#039;&#039;, generally refers to the beliefs and mythology of the [[hashka]] population of [[Anschuhe]]. While varied, each local belief is recognisably related, and general patterns can be identified.&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Religions]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Religions of Anschuhe]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka_religion&amp;diff=10086</id>
		<title>Hashka religion</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka_religion&amp;diff=10086"/>
		<updated>2026-09-25T00:47:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: Created page with &amp;quot;{{Infobox religion|icon=|name=Hashka religion|native_name={{cs|hsk|HkvnvZraF}} {{small|(RDP)}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|hsk|oAkxkaraA}} {{small|(Butakkin)}}|image=|caption=|type=Ethnic religion|scripture=|theology=Animistic|language=Regal Dòn Proper|territory=Anschuhe, origin unclear}}&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Hashka religion&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, sometimes called &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;hashka Revelations&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Hkunurá&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, generally refers to the beliefs and myt...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox religion|icon=|name=Hashka religion|native_name={{cs|hsk|HkvnvZraF}} {{small|([[Regal Dòn Proper|RDP]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|hsk|oAkxkaraA}} {{small|([[Butakkin language|Butakkin]])}}|image=|caption=|type=[[Wikipedia:Ethnic religion|Ethnic religion]]|scripture=|theology=Animistic|language=[[Regal Dòn Proper]]|territory=[[Anschuhe]], origin unclear}}&#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka religion&#039;&#039;&#039;, sometimes called &#039;&#039;&#039;hashka Revelations&#039;&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;&#039;Hkunurá&#039;&#039;&#039;, generally refers to the beliefs and mythology of the [[hashka]] population of [[Anschuhe]]. While varied, each local belief is recognisably related, and general patterns can be identified.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=File:HashkaTrinity.svg&amp;diff=10085</id>
		<title>File:HashkaTrinity.svg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=File:HashkaTrinity.svg&amp;diff=10085"/>
		<updated>2026-09-24T23:46:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Regal_D%C3%B2n_Proper&amp;diff=10084</id>
		<title>Regal Dòn Proper</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Regal_D%C3%B2n_Proper&amp;diff=10084"/>
		<updated>2026-09-24T23:22:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox language|name=Regal Dòn Proper|nativename={{cs|hsk|dN haGniXshiN naZshiNA}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Don Hàanììshin Nááshín&#039;&#039;|pronunciation=[dɤ̃˩ xa:˧˩ni:˩ʃĩ˩ naː˧˥ʃĩ˦]|states=Northwestern [[Anschuhe]]|ethnicity=[[Niishka people]]|speakers=|date=|speakers2=|familycolor=Hro-Don|fam2=Don|fam3=Western Don|fam4=|ancestor=[[Proto-Hro-Don language|Proto-Hro-Don]]|ancestor2=Proto-Don|ancestor3=|script=[[Lo script]], [[Hashka hieroglyphs]] (historical)|nation={{flag|RSS}}|lingua=|glottorefname=Regal Dòn Proper}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Regal Dòn Proper&#039;&#039;&#039; ({{cs|hsk|dN haGniXshiN naZshiNA}} &#039;&#039;Don Hàanììshin Nááshín&#039;&#039;), otherwise &#039;&#039;&#039;Regal Dòn&#039;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;&#039;Dòn Proper&#039;&#039;&#039; or simply &#039;&#039;&#039;Dòn&#039;&#039;&#039;, often abbreviated into &#039;&#039;&#039;RDP&#039;&#039;&#039;, is a [[Hro-Don languages|Hro-Don language]] of the [[Don languages|Don]] branch. Although not a vulgar language, a role filled by its various relatives (such as [[Outlands Dòn]], a sister to Regal Dòn), and being quite ancient (~1100 years old), it survives as the formal lingua franca of literature, religion and politics across the near-totality of the [[hashka]] populations of [[Anschuhe]]. It is of particular interest to linguists for its large toneme inventory and for being a non-hominin language (i.e. not originally spoken by either humans or [[Jötunn|jötnar]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although originally written with a complex logographic script ([[Hashka hieroglyphs]]), in an attempt to increase literacy rates across the [[RSS]], former queen [[Hàanìì Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin|Ngo Ngar Dèeil-Iinshin]], personally created the [[Lo script]] (from {{Cs|hsk|lF}} &#039;&#039;loó&#039;&#039; meaning &amp;quot;small&amp;quot;) in 4589 CY. This proved mildly effective, and since then the script has expanded to the rest of the continent, being adapted and modified to serve various hashka languages beyond RDP.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phonology ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Labial&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Alveolar&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Lateral&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Palatal&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Velar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Unvoiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Voiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Unvoiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Voiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Unvoiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Voiced&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|m}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;&#039; /m/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|n N}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;n&#039;&#039;&#039; /n/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|q}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;ng&#039;&#039;&#039; /ŋ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Plosive&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|p}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;p&#039;&#039;&#039; /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|b}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039;&#039; /b/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|t}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&#039; /t/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|d}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;d&#039;&#039;&#039; /d/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|k}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;&#039; /k/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|g}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&#039; /g/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Labialised&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|kw}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;kw&#039;&#039;&#039; /kʷ/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|gw}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;gw&#039;&#039;&#039; /gʷ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|t}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;c&#039;&#039;&#039; /t͡ʃ/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|j}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;j&#039;&#039;&#039; /d͡ʒ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|f}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɸ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|s}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;s&#039;&#039;&#039; /s/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|z}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;hl&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɬ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|h H}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;h&#039;&#039;&#039; /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|r R}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;r&#039;&#039;&#039; /r/&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|l L}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;l&#039;&#039;&#039; /l/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|w}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;w&#039;&#039;&#039; /w/&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|(/w/)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels (independent and appended to {{Cs|hsk|p}})&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Front&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Central&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Short&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Long&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Short&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Long&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Short&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Long&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Close&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|ii pi}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|uu pu}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;i&#039;&#039;&#039; /i/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ii&#039;&#039;&#039; /i:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;u&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uu&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Nasal&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|iiN piN}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|uuN puN}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;in&#039;&#039;&#039; /ĩ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;iin&#039;&#039;&#039; /ĩ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;un&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯ̃ᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uun&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɯ̃ᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Mid&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|ee pe}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|vv pv}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|o p}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;e&#039;&#039;&#039; /e/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;ee&#039;&#039;&#039; /e:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;vv&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;oo&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Nasal&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|eeN peN}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|vvN pvN}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|o pN}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;en&#039;&#039;&#039; /ẽ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;een&#039;&#039;&#039; /ẽ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;vn&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə̃/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;vvn&#039;&#039;&#039; /ə̃:/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;on&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤ̃ᵝ/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;uun&#039;&#039;&#039; /ɤ̃ᵝ:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |Open&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Plain&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|aa pa}}&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&#039; /a/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;aa&#039;&#039;&#039; /a:/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Nasal&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{Cs|hsk|aaN paN}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;an&#039;&#039;&#039; /ã/&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;aan&#039;&#039;&#039; /ã:/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Tones&lt;br /&gt;
!Length&lt;br /&gt;
!Tone&lt;br /&gt;
!IPA&lt;br /&gt;
!Glyph&lt;br /&gt;
!Rom.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |Short&lt;br /&gt;
|Atonal&lt;br /&gt;
|Varies&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | -&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|A}}&lt;br /&gt;
|á&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; |Long&lt;br /&gt;
|Low&lt;br /&gt;
|˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|D}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|High&lt;br /&gt;
|˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|S}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|F}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Light falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|G}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|Z}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Heavy falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|X}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àà&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised rising&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˥ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|C}}&lt;br /&gt;
|aʼá&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Glottalised falling&lt;br /&gt;
|˥˨ˀ&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|V}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àʼa&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Convex&lt;br /&gt;
|˨˥˧&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|B}}&lt;br /&gt;
|áà&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Concave&lt;br /&gt;
|˧˩˦&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Cs|hsk|M}}&lt;br /&gt;
|àá&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Syllable structure ===&lt;br /&gt;
The general syllable structure of RDP is (x)CV(E) where E may be a liquid or /x/. Vowels always carry a tone, even if classified as &amp;quot;atonal,&amp;quot; as atonal vowels are affected by sandhi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sandhi ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sandhi in RDP can be divided into two categories: &#039;&#039;explicit&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;orthographic sandhi&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;implicit&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;phonetic sandhi&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Explicit sandhi ====&lt;br /&gt;
Explicit sandhi is marked orthographically as a change in the tone of a word. This mostly affects atonal vowels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Connecting rule&#039;&#039;&#039;: this rule governs how atonal vowels behave.&lt;br /&gt;
** 1. If an atonal vowel is in the first syllable of a word, it may be realised as low. This may also be the case if the word is monosyllabic.&lt;br /&gt;
** 2. If an atonal vowel is not in the first syllable of a word, it may take on different forms depending on the preceding syllable&#039;s tone:&lt;br /&gt;
*** If an atonal vowel is preceded by a high, concave or any rising tone, it may be realised as high.&lt;br /&gt;
*** If an atonal vowel is preceded by a low, convex or any falling tone, it may be realised as low.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Clamping rule&#039;&#039;&#039;: this rule governs how contours behave when surrounded by other contours. If a word contains two rising or falling tones of the same type in a row, the second tone becomes long level high (if rising) or low (if falling).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Implicit sandhi ====&lt;br /&gt;
Implicit sandhi is unmarked and purely deduced from the phonetic composition of a word.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Tone harmony&#039;&#039;&#039; governs the interactions of light and heavy tones within a word.&lt;br /&gt;
** The harmonising tone is always the one present at the first syllable, bar an exception mentioned hereafter.&lt;br /&gt;
** Following vowels shift their tonality based on the weight of the harmonising tone (light with light, heavy with heavy).&lt;br /&gt;
*** eg. {{Cs|hsk|baXraF}} bààraá /baː˥˨raː˨˧/ [ba:˥˨ra:˧˥] (as if written &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|baXraZ}}&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;**bààráá&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
** Glottalised tones are considered heavy when serving as the harmonising tone. However, in non-initial positions, they are unaffected by tone harmony.&lt;br /&gt;
*** eg. {{Cs|hsk|beVHruF}} &#039;&#039;bèʼehruú&#039;&#039; /be:˥˨ˀxru:˨˧/ [be:˥˨ˀxru:˧˥] (as if written &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|beVHruZ}} **bèʼehrúú&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
** Level, convex and concave tones are transparent in that they are unaffected by harmony. In initial positions, they relegate the role of harmonising tone to the following syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
** In the event that harmony creates a sequence of tones of the same type, clamping applies but is not orthographic.&lt;br /&gt;
*** eg. {{Cs|hsk|lZHruF}} &#039;&#039;lóóhruú&#039;&#039; /lo:˧˥xru˨˧/ [lo:˧˥xru:˦] (as if written &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|lZHruZ}} **lóóhrúú&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;**{{Cs|hsk|lZHruS}} **lóóhrúu&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Polysyllabic leveling&#039;&#039;&#039; regulates long sequences of contours within a word exceeding three syllables. In words that are tetrasyllabic or further, tones that aren&#039;t either at the first or last syllable become plain (rising, concave &amp;gt; high; falling, convex &amp;gt; low).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Languages]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka&amp;diff=10083</id>
		<title>Hashka</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka&amp;diff=10083"/>
		<updated>2026-09-24T20:16:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Taxobox|name=Hashka|image=Hashka.jpg|image_alt=|image_caption=A sketch of a (presumably male) haskha fisherman.|regnum=[[Wikipedia:Animalia|Animalia]]|phylum=[[Wikipedia:Chordata|Chordata]]|classis=[[Wikipedia:Mammalia|Mammalia]]|ordo=[[Wikipedia:Carnivora|Carnivora]]|familia=[[Haschidae]]|genus=&#039;&#039;[[Orthohascha]]&#039;&#039;|species=&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;O. garrula&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;|binomial=&#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;|binomial_authority=F.|status=LC|status_system=IUCN3.1|domain=[[Wikipedia:Eukarya|Eukarya]]|superfamilia=[[Wikipedia:Herpestoidea|Herpestoidea]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka&#039;&#039;&#039; (sg. and pl., alternative plural &#039;&#039;&#039;hashkae&#039;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;, [[Regal Dòn Proper]]: {{Cs|hsk|haBHkashiN}} &#039;&#039;Háàhkashin&#039;&#039;) are the native people of [[Anschuhe]], somewhat distantly related to the [[Wikipedia:hyena|hyenas]] of [[Nkungu]] and more closely to the [[Sveltewolf|sveltewolves]] of southern [[Ashnan]]. They originated around central-southern Ashnan, near modern-day [[Cicex]], approximately 60,000 years before present. Like the rest of their family, [[Haschidae]], they are [[Wikipedia:mesocarnivore|mesocarnivores]], with around 50% of their diet requiring meat. They are the only sapient members of genus [[Orthohascha]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Prehistory ===&lt;br /&gt;
Hashka are theorised to have gained sapience around 60,000 years ago within the territory nowadays occupied by [[Cicex]]. At the time, they were little more than hunter-gatherers, living in small and disperse pockets, with some knowledge of riverine sailing. Upon human expansion 40,000 years ago, most early hashka were either driven out or killed. The only surviving populations managed to sail to nearby [[Anschuhe]], where they thrived and expanded, covering most of the continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Hashka Copper Age ===&lt;br /&gt;
Evidence of early hashka copperwork can be found around eastern mountainous Anschuhe, dating to around 5900 BP, in the form of various vessels, weapons and bells. The nature of most of the weapons found, i.e. arrowheads and spearheads intended for hunting, lends credence to the theory that warfare amongst hashka populations was minimal or nonexistent at this time. [[Proto-Hro-Don language|Proto-Hro-Don]] is theorised to have originated around this era, ~5000 BP, around the mouth of the [[Fíó River]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Human contact ===&lt;br /&gt;
There is scant and inconclusive evidence of hashka-human contact before this time, but since 2000 CY it can be said that the early populations of modern-day [[Cicex]] and modern-day [[RSS]] have held tenuous trading partnerships.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Industrialisation ===&lt;br /&gt;
After the initial colonisation efforts by [[TSC]] which would later become the [[United Territories of Anschuhe]], a small industrial boom began in the more populous cities, while the rest of the continent remains mostly pastoralist.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Behaviour ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Social organisation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Hashka group themselves in hierarchical family units, with a matriarch at the very top, her unmarried female children under her, followed by the matriarch&#039;s male spouses, then her unmarried male children, and her young cubs at the very bottom.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Communication ===&lt;br /&gt;
While hashka primarily communicate through spoken language (mostly [[Hro-Don languages]]), their body language and emotional reactions are idiosyncratic and often hard to parse by unknowing humans. Below is a general guide.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Laughter is the main emotional response that may confuse a human; hashka usually laugh not as a result of happiness or pleasure, but as a response to stress, nervousness and/or anxiety. A happy laughter is tendentially a &amp;quot;woo&amp;quot; sound that rises and falls in pitch rhythmically. Similarly, a hashka smiling is usually an indicator of fear or stress, especially with ears angled flat.&lt;br /&gt;
* A pleasant sound hashka usually make is called the &#039;&#039;moo&#039;&#039;, a long, sustained low sound reminiscent of a cow mooing, which usually signifies calmness or affection.&lt;br /&gt;
* Angry hashka will usually emit a rolling growling/roaring sound from the back of their throats&lt;br /&gt;
* Hashka experience piloerection on most of their body fur but particularly their nape, which reacts to emotional impulse. A relaxed, slightly erected mane is the neutral position, while negative emotions are usually accompanied by a flattened mane. When preparing for an attack, the mane erects fully.&lt;br /&gt;
* Ear position is important in reading a hashka&#039;s emotions.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;Folded flat&#039;&#039;&#039;: fear, anxiety, concern.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;Folded back&#039;&#039;&#039;: anger, about to attack.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;Held upright&#039;&#039;&#039;: neutral, happiness.&lt;br /&gt;
* Tail motion is another notable factor. In its neutral position, it will hang limp. An erected, up-curled tail is usually a signifier of excitement, while a tail curled into the crotch is a sign of fear. A flick of the tail signifies discomfort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hashka physical communication also differs from humans&#039;. A typical display of affection between close friends is neck-to-neck contact, while romantic affection is usually demonstrated by touching noses and rubbing snouts against each other&#039;s fur.&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sapient species]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Hashka]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka&amp;diff=10082</id>
		<title>Hashka</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka&amp;diff=10082"/>
		<updated>2026-09-24T19:38:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: /* Hashka Copper Age */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Taxobox|name=Hashka|image=Hashka.jpg|image_alt=|image_caption=A sketch of a (presumably male) haskha fisherman.|regnum=[[Wikipedia:Animalia|Animalia]]|phylum=[[Wikipedia:Chordata|Chordata]]|classis=[[Wikipedia:Mammalia|Mammalia]]|ordo=[[Wikipedia:Carnivora|Carnivora]]|familia=[[Haschidae]]|genus=&#039;&#039;[[Orthohascha]]&#039;&#039;|species=&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;O. garrula&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;|binomial=&#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;|binomial_authority=F.|status=LC|status_system=IUCN3.1|domain=[[Wikipedia:Eukarya|Eukarya]]|superfamilia=[[Wikipedia:Herpestoidea|Herpestoidea]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka&#039;&#039;&#039; (sg. and pl., alternative plural &#039;&#039;&#039;hashkae&#039;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;, [[Regal Dòn Proper]]: {{Cs|hsk|haBHkashiN}} &#039;&#039;Háàhkashin&#039;&#039;) are the native people of [[Anschuhe]], somewhat distantly related to the [[Wikipedia:hyena|hyenas]] of [[Nkungu]] and more closely to the [[Sveltewolf|sveltewolves]] of southern [[Ashnan]]. They originated around central-southern Ashnan, near modern-day [[Cicex]], approximately 60,000 years before present. Like the rest of their family, [[Haschidae]], they are [[Wikipedia:mesocarnivore|mesocarnivores]], with around 50% of their diet requiring meat. They are the only sapient members of genus [[Orthohascha]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Prehistory ===&lt;br /&gt;
Hashka are theorised to have gained sapience around 60,000 years ago within the territory nowadays occupied by [[Cicex]]. At the time, they were little more than hunter-gatherers, living in small and disperse pockets, with some knowledge of riverine sailing. Upon human expansion 40,000 years ago, most early hashka were either driven out or killed. The only surviving populations managed to sail to nearby [[Anschuhe]], where they thrived and expanded, covering most of the continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Hashka Copper Age ===&lt;br /&gt;
Evidence of early hashka copperwork can be found around eastern mountainous Anschuhe, dating to around 5700 BP, in the form of various vessels, weapons and bells. The nature of most of the weapons found, i.e. arrowheads and spearheads intended for hunting, lends credence to the theory that warfare amongst hashka populations was minimal or nonexistent at this time. [[Proto-Hro-Don language|Proto-Hro-Don]] is theorised to have originated around this era, ~5000 BP, around the mouth of the [[Fíó River]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Human contact ===&lt;br /&gt;
There is scant and inconclusive evidence of hashka-human contact before this time, but since 2000 CY it can be said that the early populations of modern-day [[Cicex]] and modern-day [[RSS]] have held tenuous trading partnerships.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Industrialisation ===&lt;br /&gt;
After the initial colonisation efforts by [[TSC]] which would later become the [[United Territories of Anschuhe]], a small industrial boom began in the more populous cities, while the rest of the continent remains mostly pastoralist.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Behaviour ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Social organisation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Hashka group themselves in hierarchical family units, with a matriarch at the very top, her unmarried female children under her, followed by the matriarch&#039;s male spouses, then her unmarried male children, and her young cubs at the very bottom.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Communication ===&lt;br /&gt;
While hashka primarily communicate through spoken language (mostly [[Hro-Don languages]]), their body language and emotional reactions are idiosyncratic and often hard to parse by unknowing humans. Below is a general guide.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Laughter is the main emotional response that may confuse a human; hashka usually laugh not as a result of happiness or pleasure, but as a response to stress, nervousness and/or anxiety. A happy laughter is tendentially a &amp;quot;woo&amp;quot; sound that rises and falls in pitch rhythmically. Similarly, a hashka smiling is usually an indicator of fear or stress, especially with ears angled flat.&lt;br /&gt;
* A pleasant sound hashka usually make is called the &#039;&#039;moo&#039;&#039;, a long, sustained low sound reminiscent of a cow mooing, which usually signifies calmness or affection.&lt;br /&gt;
* Angry hashka will usually emit a rolling growling/roaring sound from the back of their throats&lt;br /&gt;
* Hashka experience piloerection on most of their body fur but particularly their nape, which reacts to emotional impulse. A relaxed, slightly erected mane is the neutral position, while negative emotions are usually accompanied by a flattened mane. When preparing for an attack, the mane erects fully.&lt;br /&gt;
* Ear position is important in reading a hashka&#039;s emotions.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;Folded flat&#039;&#039;&#039;: fear, anxiety, concern.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;Folded back&#039;&#039;&#039;: anger, about to attack.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;Held upright&#039;&#039;&#039;: neutral, happiness.&lt;br /&gt;
* Tail motion is another notable factor. In its neutral position, it will hang limp. An erected, up-curled tail is usually a signifier of excitement, while a tail curled into the crotch is a sign of fear. A flick of the tail signifies discomfort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hashka physical communication also differs from humans&#039;. A typical display of affection between close friends is neck-to-neck contact, while romantic affection is usually demonstrated by touching noses and rubbing snouts against each other&#039;s fur.&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sapient species]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Hashka]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka&amp;diff=10081</id>
		<title>Hashka</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka&amp;diff=10081"/>
		<updated>2026-09-24T19:38:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Taxobox|name=Hashka|image=Hashka.jpg|image_alt=|image_caption=A sketch of a (presumably male) haskha fisherman.|regnum=[[Wikipedia:Animalia|Animalia]]|phylum=[[Wikipedia:Chordata|Chordata]]|classis=[[Wikipedia:Mammalia|Mammalia]]|ordo=[[Wikipedia:Carnivora|Carnivora]]|familia=[[Haschidae]]|genus=&#039;&#039;[[Orthohascha]]&#039;&#039;|species=&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;O. garrula&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;|binomial=&#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;|binomial_authority=F.|status=LC|status_system=IUCN3.1|domain=[[Wikipedia:Eukarya|Eukarya]]|superfamilia=[[Wikipedia:Herpestoidea|Herpestoidea]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka&#039;&#039;&#039; (sg. and pl., alternative plural &#039;&#039;&#039;hashkae&#039;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;, [[Regal Dòn Proper]]: {{Cs|hsk|haBHkashiN}} &#039;&#039;Háàhkashin&#039;&#039;) are the native people of [[Anschuhe]], somewhat distantly related to the [[Wikipedia:hyena|hyenas]] of [[Nkungu]] and more closely to the [[Sveltewolf|sveltewolves]] of southern [[Ashnan]]. They originated around central-southern Ashnan, near modern-day [[Cicex]], approximately 60,000 years before present. Like the rest of their family, [[Haschidae]], they are [[Wikipedia:mesocarnivore|mesocarnivores]], with around 50% of their diet requiring meat. They are the only sapient members of genus [[Orthohascha]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Prehistory ===&lt;br /&gt;
Hashka are theorised to have gained sapience around 60,000 years ago within the territory nowadays occupied by [[Cicex]]. At the time, they were little more than hunter-gatherers, living in small and disperse pockets, with some knowledge of riverine sailing. Upon human expansion 40,000 years ago, most early hashka were either driven out or killed. The only surviving populations managed to sail to nearby [[Anschuhe]], where they thrived and expanded, covering most of the continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Hashka Copper Age ===&lt;br /&gt;
Evidence of early hashka copperwork can be found around eastern mountainous Anschuhe, dating to around 5700 BP, in the form of various vessels, weapons and bells. The nature of most of the weapons found, i.e. arrowheads and spearheads intended for hunting, lends credence to the theory that warfare amongst hashka populations was minimal or nonexistent at this time. [[Proto-Hro-Don language|Proto-Hro-Don]] is theorised to have originated around this this era, ~5000 BP, around the mouth of the [[Fíó River]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Human contact ===&lt;br /&gt;
There is scant and inconclusive evidence of hashka-human contact before this time, but since 2000 CY it can be said that the early populations of modern-day [[Cicex]] and modern-day [[RSS]] have held tenuous trading partnerships.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Industrialisation ===&lt;br /&gt;
After the initial colonisation efforts by [[TSC]] which would later become the [[United Territories of Anschuhe]], a small industrial boom began in the more populous cities, while the rest of the continent remains mostly pastoralist.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Behaviour ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Social organisation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Hashka group themselves in hierarchical family units, with a matriarch at the very top, her unmarried female children under her, followed by the matriarch&#039;s male spouses, then her unmarried male children, and her young cubs at the very bottom.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Communication ===&lt;br /&gt;
While hashka primarily communicate through spoken language (mostly [[Hro-Don languages]]), their body language and emotional reactions are idiosyncratic and often hard to parse by unknowing humans. Below is a general guide.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Laughter is the main emotional response that may confuse a human; hashka usually laugh not as a result of happiness or pleasure, but as a response to stress, nervousness and/or anxiety. A happy laughter is tendentially a &amp;quot;woo&amp;quot; sound that rises and falls in pitch rhythmically. Similarly, a hashka smiling is usually an indicator of fear or stress, especially with ears angled flat.&lt;br /&gt;
* A pleasant sound hashka usually make is called the &#039;&#039;moo&#039;&#039;, a long, sustained low sound reminiscent of a cow mooing, which usually signifies calmness or affection.&lt;br /&gt;
* Angry hashka will usually emit a rolling growling/roaring sound from the back of their throats&lt;br /&gt;
* Hashka experience piloerection on most of their body fur but particularly their nape, which reacts to emotional impulse. A relaxed, slightly erected mane is the neutral position, while negative emotions are usually accompanied by a flattened mane. When preparing for an attack, the mane erects fully.&lt;br /&gt;
* Ear position is important in reading a hashka&#039;s emotions.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;Folded flat&#039;&#039;&#039;: fear, anxiety, concern.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;Folded back&#039;&#039;&#039;: anger, about to attack.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;Held upright&#039;&#039;&#039;: neutral, happiness.&lt;br /&gt;
* Tail motion is another notable factor. In its neutral position, it will hang limp. An erected, up-curled tail is usually a signifier of excitement, while a tail curled into the crotch is a sign of fear. A flick of the tail signifies discomfort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hashka physical communication also differs from humans&#039;. A typical display of affection between close friends is neck-to-neck contact, while romantic affection is usually demonstrated by touching noses and rubbing snouts against each other&#039;s fur.&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sapient species]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Hashka]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=RSS&amp;diff=10080</id>
		<title>RSS</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=RSS&amp;diff=10080"/>
		<updated>2026-09-24T14:45:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox country&lt;br /&gt;
|conventional_long_name = Great Queendom of the Rising Shouting Sun&lt;br /&gt;
|native_name = Dafá Hàanììkìin Hièe Hcoo Hleʼéshín Uúshín&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|hsk|dafaA haGniXkiNG hieeG HcD zeCshiNA uuFshiNA}}&lt;br /&gt;
|common_name = RSS&lt;br /&gt;
|image_flag = rssflag-nu.png&lt;br /&gt;
|alt_flag = Official flag of the RSS&lt;br /&gt;
|image_flag2 = &lt;br /&gt;
|alt_flag2 = &lt;br /&gt;
|image_coat =         &amp;lt;!--e.g. Coat of arms of country.svg--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|alt_coat =           &amp;lt;!--alt text for coat of arms--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|symbol_type =        &amp;lt;!--emblem, seal, etc (if not a coat of arms)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|national_motto = &lt;br /&gt;
|national_anthem = &lt;br /&gt;
|royal_anthem =&lt;br /&gt;
|other_symbol_type =  &amp;lt;!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|other_symbol =&lt;br /&gt;
|image_map =&lt;br /&gt;
|alt_map =            &amp;lt;!--alt text for map--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|map_caption =&lt;br /&gt;
|image_map2 =         &amp;lt;!--Another map, if required--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|alt_map2 =           &amp;lt;!--alt text for second map--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|map_caption2 =       &amp;lt;!--Caption to place below second map--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|capital = [[Kvkínv̀v̀]]&lt;br /&gt;
|latd= | latm= | latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= &amp;lt;!--capital&#039;s latitude and longitude in degrees/minutes/direction--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|largest_city = [[Kvkínv̀v̀]]&lt;br /&gt;
|largest_settlement_type = &amp;lt;!--Type of settlement if largest settlement not a city--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|largest_settlement = &amp;lt;!--Name of largest settlement--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|official_languages = [[Regal Dòn Proper]]&lt;br /&gt;
|national_languages = [[Outlands Dòn]]&lt;br /&gt;
|regional_languages = &amp;lt;!--Languages recognised or associated with particular regions within the country/territory--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|languages_type =     &amp;lt;!--Use to specify a further type of language, if not official, national or regional--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|languages =          &amp;lt;!--Languages of the further type--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|languages_sub =      &amp;lt;!--Is this further type of language a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? (&amp;quot;yes&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;no&amp;quot;)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|languages2_type =    &amp;lt;!--Another further type of language--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|languages2 =         &amp;lt;!--Languages of this second further type--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|languages2_sub =     &amp;lt;!--Is the second alternative type of languages a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? (&amp;quot;yes&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;no&amp;quot;)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|ethnic_groups =      &amp;lt;!--List/breakdown of ethnic groups within the country/territory--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|ethnic_groups_year = &amp;lt;!--Year of ethnic groups data (if provided) or use to place a &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|demonym = [[Niishkaa people|Niishkaa]]&lt;br /&gt;
|government_type = [[wikipedia:Unitary state|Unitary]] [[wikipedia:absolute monarchy|absolute monarchy]]&lt;br /&gt;
|leader_title1 = Queen&lt;br /&gt;
|leader_name1 =[[Hàanìì Hrárá Hcoo Keéra]] &lt;br /&gt;
|leader_title2 = &lt;br /&gt;
|leader_name2 = &lt;br /&gt;
|legislature =&lt;br /&gt;
|upper_house =        &amp;lt;!--Name of governing body&#039;s upper house, if given (e.g. &amp;quot;Senate&amp;quot;)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|lower_house =        &amp;lt;!--Name of governing body&#039;s lower house, if given (e.g. &amp;quot;Chamber of Deputies&amp;quot;)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|sovereignty_type =   &amp;lt;!--Brief description of country/territory&#039;s status (&amp;quot;Independence [from...]&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Autonomous province [of...]&amp;quot;, etc)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|sovereignty_note = &lt;br /&gt;
|established_event1 = &amp;lt;!--First key event in history of country/territory&#039;s status or formation--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|established_date1 =  &amp;lt;!--Date of first key event--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|established_event2 = &amp;lt;!--Second key event--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|established_date2 =  &amp;lt;!--Date of second key event--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--......--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|established_event9 = &amp;lt;!--(up to nine distinct events may be included)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|established_date9 =&lt;br /&gt;
|area_rank = &lt;br /&gt;
|area_magnitude = &lt;br /&gt;
|area = &lt;br /&gt;
|area_km2 =&lt;br /&gt;
|area_sq_mi =&lt;br /&gt;
|area_footnote =      &amp;lt;!--Optional footnote for area--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|percent_water = &lt;br /&gt;
|area_label = Mainland&lt;br /&gt;
|area_label2 =        &amp;lt;!--Label below area_label (optional)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|area_data2 =         &amp;lt;!--Text after area_label2 (optional)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|population_estimate =&lt;br /&gt;
|population_estimate_rank = &lt;br /&gt;
|population_estimate_year =&lt;br /&gt;
|population_census = &lt;br /&gt;
|population_census_year = &lt;br /&gt;
|population_density_km2 =&lt;br /&gt;
|population_density_sq_mi = &lt;br /&gt;
|population_density_rank = &lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_PPP =                     &amp;lt;!--(Gross Domestic Product from Purchasing Power Parity)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_PPP_rank = &lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_PPP_year = &lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = &lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = &lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_nominal = &lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_nominal_rank = &lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_nominal_year = &lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = &lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = &lt;br /&gt;
|Gini =                        &amp;lt;!--(Gini measure of income inequality; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 100)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Gini_ref =                    &amp;lt;!--(for any ref/s to associate with Gini number)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Gini_rank = &lt;br /&gt;
|Gini_year = &lt;br /&gt;
|HDI =                         &amp;lt;!--(Human Development Index; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 1)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|HDI_ref =                     &amp;lt;!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|HDI_rank = &lt;br /&gt;
|HDI_year = &lt;br /&gt;
|currency =           &amp;lt;!--Name/s of currency/ies used in country/territory--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|currency_code =      &amp;lt;!--ISO 4217 code/s for currency/ies (each usually three capital letters)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|time_zone =          &amp;lt;!--e.g. GMT, PST, AST, etc, etc (wikilinked if possible)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|utc_offset =         &amp;lt;!--in the form &amp;quot;+N&amp;quot;, where N is number of hours offset--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|time_zone_DST =      &amp;lt;!--Link to DST (Daylight Saving Time) used, otherwise &amp;quot;not observed&amp;quot;--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|utc_offset_DST =     &amp;lt;!--in the form &amp;quot;+N&amp;quot;, where N is number of hours offset--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|DST_note =           &amp;lt;!--Optional note regarding DST use--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|antipodes =          &amp;lt;!--Place/s exactly on the opposite side of the world to country/territory--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|date_format =        &amp;lt;!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc) plus era (CE, AD, AH, etc)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|drives_on =          &amp;lt;!--&amp;quot;right&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;left&amp;quot; (side of road)--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|cctld =              &amp;lt;!--Internet country code top-level domain identifier (e.g. [[.br]], [[.de]], etc)&lt;br /&gt;
|iso3166code =        &amp;lt;!--Use to override default from common_name parameter above; omit using &amp;quot;omit&amp;quot;.--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|calling_code =       &amp;lt;!--e.g. [[+1]], [[+531]], [[+44]], etc--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|image_map3 =         &amp;lt;!--Optional third map position, e.g. for use with reference to footnotes below it--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|alt_map3 =           &amp;lt;!--alt text for third map position--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|footnote_a =         &amp;lt;!--For any footnote &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; used above--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|footnote_b =         &amp;lt;!--For any footnote &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; used above--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--......--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|footnote_h =         &amp;lt;!--For any footnote &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;h&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; used above--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|footnotes =          &amp;lt;!--For any generic non-numbered footnotes--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|patron_saint = &lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Great Queendom of the Rising Shouting Sun&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[Regal Dòn Proper]]: {{Cs|hsk|dafaA haGniXkiNG hieeG HcD zeCshiNA uuFshiNA}} &#039;&#039;Dafá Hàanììkìin Hièe Hcoo Hleʼéshín Uúshín&#039;&#039;), more commonly abbreviated as the &#039;&#039;&#039;RSS&#039;&#039;&#039;, is a country located in northwestern [[Anschuhe]]. It is populated in its near totality–bar a few human immigrants–by [[hashka]], a sapient [[sveltewolf]] relative.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Countries]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_and_dependencies&amp;diff=10079</id>
		<title>List of countries and dependencies</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_and_dependencies&amp;diff=10079"/>
		<updated>2026-09-24T14:06:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This is a &#039;&#039;&#039;list of all the countries and dependencies/territories&#039;&#039;&#039; on Jotunnheim.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Sovereign states==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |State&lt;br /&gt;
!Native name(s)&lt;br /&gt;
!Capital&lt;br /&gt;
!Population&lt;br /&gt;
!Surface area&lt;br /&gt;
!Continent&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Abduscho.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Åbduscho]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Duchy of Åbduscho}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|ab-dy-sho}} Åbduscho&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|kry-fon-rós-ab-dy-sho}} Kruvonrooss Åbduscho}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Koovduusch]]&lt;br /&gt;
|262,033&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|7082|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Afa_flag_(1).png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Afa]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Afa}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Àfa&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Nyamu]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; {{small|Àgbà Àfa}} &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;Àpa&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Nganka language|Nganka]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; {{small|Àpaŋgą̀w}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Biamujula]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Agisia_flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Agisia]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Republic of Agisia}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|vrt|agiṣoo}} Agiṣov&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Agisian language|Agisian]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|vrt|zeźuz agiṣook}} Zeźuz Agiṣovk}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Hosjutz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|14,491,109&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|165537|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Ardashu]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Princely Republic of Ardashu}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Adžašų&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Sheuvurnic language|Sheuvurnic]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kųtetytų Makrųčatus Adžašų}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-of-Athsud.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Athsud]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Athsud}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;?&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Athsudan language|Athsudan]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Ōzšūkad Zufitjadōfnā}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Azalchet.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Azalchet]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Princedom of Azalchet}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Ažaltšeto&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Azaldian language|Azaldian]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; {{small|Makrōstasē Ažaltšetotas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|X&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Barkasche.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Barkasche]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Principality of Barkasche}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;?&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dröövache Parutschan language|Dröövache Parutschan]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|?}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|br-k-she}} Barkasche&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|trnzh-ky-rós-br-k-she}} Tranzküröös Barkasche}}&lt;br /&gt;
|?&lt;br /&gt;
|95,430&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|4338|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:BaroFlag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Baro]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|State of Baro}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|dhm|pa%ro}} &#039;&#039;Páro&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Baro language|Baro]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|canaka%sto jo pa%ro}} Hanakásto yo Páro}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Bunsjong.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Bunsjong]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Shaadom of Bunsjong}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Búnsjoŋ&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Sjonge language|Sjonge]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Sjaagjiŋ Búnsjoŋ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Bomakwodor_flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Bomakwodor]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Unified Dzuma Kingdom of Bomakwodor}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Bòmákwɔ́dɔ́&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dzuma language|Dzuma]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; {{small|má Dzṹmánàkɔ́ Déyí Bòmákwɔ́dɔ́}} &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Bayingan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:CER flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Central Etzavazi Republic]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Vertjožyn Řačalij Eżavaši&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Talozhi language|Talozhi]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Vertiožyn Dziačali Egiavasi&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Mesvadi language|Mesvadi]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Ṭeilyda Ezyavazyda Vertyozyin&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Kagatoni language|Kagatoni]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Mezhdeg]]&lt;br /&gt;
|116,807,000&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|1138328|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Chioq.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Chiöq]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Chiöq}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Chiöq&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Classical Chiöq language|Classical Chiöq]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Chiärbuun Chiöqduï}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Qkhu&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Qhu language|Qhu]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Tsrinchŭŭ Qkhunxee}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Cazre]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:flagsex.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Cicex]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Holy Cicex}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Ci-Cex&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Sngemscixngwài]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Ci-Cex Nriò}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Qì]] (summer)&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Sè-K&#039;io]] (winter)&lt;br /&gt;
|330,000,000&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Czisilia flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Czisilia]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Holy Realms of Czisilia and the Hle Le}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Ċīsīl&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Czisilian language|Czisilian]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Tlé zahi&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Hle Lun language|Hle Lun]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Eresa]]&lt;br /&gt;
|4,036,308&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|86062|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Dhimrai-std.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Dhimrai]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|United Kingdom of Dhimrai}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|jhmirjhi}} Jmirji&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|rheqnit;-qiidrjhi-jhmirjhki}} Ṙeqnit Qiidrji Jmirjki}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Jvuzrada]]&lt;br /&gt;
|35,152,286&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|220215|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Drooevache.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Dröövache]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Margravate of Dröövache}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|jer-çei-rhe}} Jertscheirre&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dröövache Parutschan language|Dröövache Parutschan]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|zz-kós-rós-er-jer-çei-rhe}} Såskoosroos er Jertscheirre}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|dró-f-ce}} Dröövache&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|zz-kós-rós-dró-f-ce}} Såskoossrooss Dröövache}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Aurtsche]]&lt;br /&gt;
|1,200,000&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|18615|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Dvikmi.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Dwichmii]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Margravate of Dwichmii}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|dvic-mí}} Dwichmii&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|zz-kós-rós-dvic-mí}} Såskoossrooss Dwichmii}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|dhm|dvikmi}} &#039;&#039;Dvikmi&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|dhm|zoksoros;-dvikmki}} {{small|Zoksoros Dvikmki}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Wichpürii]] (Vikhpuli)&lt;br /&gt;
|286,484&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|5509|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Eran flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Eran]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Nation of Eran}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Ērã, Ērãnẽdh&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Erayi language|Erayi]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Põdha gõ Ērãnẽdh}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag_mfi.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Five Isles]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Margravate of the Five Isles}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|ss-kó-shos-téy-cer-che-dré-gé-né}} Saskaoshos Téycer Chedreegeenee&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Thecenic language|Thecenic]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|zz-kós-rós-shos-che-cer-tr-shom}} Såskoossrooss schöss Tschecher Tråschom&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:FuggicEtzavazFlag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Fuggic Etzavaz]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Republic of Etzavaz}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|fug|viuntinteitin scourguuin}} Viuntinteitin Scourygin&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Etzavazi Fuggic language|Etzavazi Fuggic]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Fugireu.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Fugireu]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Fugireu}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|fug|fugi`reih}} Fugįreuh&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Fuggic language|Fuggic]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|fug|wui´`ti`ra´`s fugi`reih}} Wių́tįrą́s Fugįreuh}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Zaxeebi]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Gharzere tzalist flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Gharzere]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|People&#039;s Confederation of Gharzere}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|ghár;zer}} Garzerë&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Gharzi language|Gharzi]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|ce-bároebish;-kydzejh-ghár;dzeresh;}} He Baroebiš Kuzežë Garzereš}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Shtake]]&lt;br /&gt;
|18,688,000&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|197877|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Qiidrjitmi.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Giidirtschizmii]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Margravate of Giidirtschizmii}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|gí-dir-chizh-mí}} Giidirtschizmii&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|zz-kós-rós-gí-dir-chizh-mí}} Såskoossrooss Giidirtschizmii}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|dhm|qiidrjhitmi}} &#039;&#039;Qiidrjitmi&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|dhm|zoksoros;-qiidrjhitmi}} {{small|Zoksoros Qiidrjitmki}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Watizin]] (Vaticin)&lt;br /&gt;
|1,017,064&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|16404|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Gistetscho.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Gistetschö]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Gistetschö}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|gis-te-cho}} Gistetchö&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|trnzh-rós-gis-te-cho}} Tranzröös Gistetschö}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Hachaped]]&lt;br /&gt;
|1,910,500&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|24340|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Hashdezi_empire_flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hashdezi Empire]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|vrt|feddosoa gaśðäzig}} Feddosva Gaśðæzig&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Hashdezi language|Hashdezi]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Svakjaddr]]&lt;br /&gt;
|48,295,459&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|364852|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Hehagho flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hehagho]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Free State of Hehagho}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|vrt|henhäǵö}} Henhägyö&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dirhassian language|Dirhassian]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|vrt|ábuzu henhäǵöií}} Ávuzu Henhägyöjí}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Xẽxãgo&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Erayi language|Erayi]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Põdha Sēyex gõ Xẽxãgo}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Hehagho ([[Wikipedia:City-state|City-state]])&lt;br /&gt;
|172,000&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Hepetha.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hepetha]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Duchy of Hepetha}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|fug|he´pe`tse´}} Hépęþé&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Hepethan language|Hepethan]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|fug|pe`tslo`se he´pe`tse´}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Liyogesiu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Hiethcee.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hiethcee]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Dual Monarchy of Hiethcee}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|hídh-cé}} Hiethcee&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Thecenic language|Thecenic]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|trs-tré-chí-hídh-cé}} Trastreechie Hiethcee}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Mayrfushy]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:HokuneinFlag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hokunein]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|People&#039;s Nation of Hokunein}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Hákkułúttun&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Hokucheir language|Hokucheir]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kuttavás Łúttunit Hákkułúttun}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Hinzgooess.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hinzgööss]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Duchy of Hinzgööss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|cinzh-gós}} Hinzgööss&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|kry-fon-rós-cinzh-gós}} Kruvonrooss Hinzgööss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Jeevtüss]]&lt;br /&gt;
|677,642&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|6986|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Jadena.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Jadena]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Princely Republic of Jadena}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Jadnsas&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Jadn language|Jadn]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kosetnam Mokrodātō Jadnsasā}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Sobsaltn]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Jatschuuemuerns.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Jatschüümürns]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Jatschüümürns}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|j-chý-myrnz}} Jatschüümürns&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|trnzh-rós-j-chý-myrnz}} Tranzrööss Jatschüümürns}}&lt;br /&gt;
|?&lt;br /&gt;
|1,479,050&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|16077|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Khobeh_flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Khobeh]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Khobeh}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Khɔbɛ&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Nyamu]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; {{small|Àgbà Khɔbɛ}} &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Kashinkhor]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-of-Kuuztschuusches.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Küüztschüüsches]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Küüztschüüsches}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|kýzh-chý-shé}} Küüztschüüschee&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|trnzh-rós-kýzh-chý-shé}} Tranzrööss Küüztschüüschee}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Tschuurumyn]]&lt;br /&gt;
|21,705,231&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|144318|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Menkhemon flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Menkhemon]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Diarchy of Menkhemon}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Mẽxẽmõx&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Erayi language|Erayi]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-TRM.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Mödwritschööss]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Tzalist Republics of Mödwritschööss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Nedheesi flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Nedheesi Republic]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|20,371,354&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|710546|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Niksjvuzri.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Niichstschüzrii]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Free City of Niichstschüzrii}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|nícs-chyzh-rí}} Niichstschüzrii&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|a-zá-sho-a-mó-ri-nícs-chyzh-rí}} Åsååscho Amööri Niichstschüzrii}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|dhm|niksjhvyzri}} &#039;&#039;Niksjvuzri&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|dhm|dzenit;-ádáksi-niksjhvyzrki}} {{small|Dzenit Adaksi Niksjvuzrki}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Niichstschuzrii ([[Wikipedia:City-state|City-state]])&lt;br /&gt;
|95,594&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|719|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Nozhya.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Nözhya]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Republics of Nözhya}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Ngöözhyaa&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Nözhyin language|Nözhyin]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Sangzhazh Ngöözhyaas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:OUTS flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Oldirian Union]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Revolutionary Oldirian Union State}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|vrt|kűtzeźüz öldírí}} Kűtzeźüz Öldírí&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dirhassian language|Dirhassian]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|vrt|ubal kűtzeźüzí öldírí gasadúnú}} Uval Kűtzeźüzí Öldírí Gasadúnú}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Oszújú]]&lt;br /&gt;
|117,195,553&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|1368947|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Ravison]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Princely Republic of Ravison}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Ravizų&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Sheuvurnic language|Sheuvurnic]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kųtetytų Makrųčatus Ravizų}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Rirshei.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Rirshei]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Pecheg of Rirshei}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|rir-she}} Rirshei&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Rirsheic language|Rirsheic]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|po-chéc-rir-she}} Pecheec Rirshei}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|72770|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:rssflag-nu.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[RSS]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Great Queendom of the Rising Shouting Sun}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{Cs|hsk|dafaA niVkaG}} Dafá Nìʼikàa {{small|([[Regal Dòn Proper]])}}&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Cs|hsk|dafaA haGniXkiNG hieeG HcD zeCshiNA uuFshiNA}} Dafá Hàanììkìin Hièe Hcoo Hleʼéshín Uúshín&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Dafáhčookîn]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Anschuhe]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Sakhasta flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Sakhasta]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Democratic Republic of Sakhasta}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Saxasat&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Erayi language|Erayi]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:samatkhaoul new flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Samatkhaoul]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Republic of the Samatkhaoul}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|cpt|ⲛ̀ϣⲁⲙⲁⲧ ⲭⲁ̄ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲗ}} {{small|([[Ibsa language]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ottex]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Shibun.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Shibun]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Shibun Empire}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Shiibùn&#039;&#039; {{small|([[High Shinge language|High Shinge]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|X}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Soderon.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Soderon]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Soderon}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|só-dé-ró}} Sǿdérǿ&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Soderic language|Soderic]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Kunu_mbarkhene_flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Tarwah Union]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Triarchy of Kunu-Mbarkhene}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Kunu-Mbarkhene&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Bhala language|Bhala]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Mbaarkheer]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Teremres flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Teremres]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Teremres}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|fug|te´rembex}} Tėrembės&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Teremish language|Teremish]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|fug|se´s te´rembex lontre´s}} Sės Tėrembex Lontrės}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Regozyl]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|220215|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Teshkasta flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Teshkasta]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Nation of Teshkasta}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Tēshekasat&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Erayi language|Erayi]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Põdha Tēshekasate}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Tschintiesteiss.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Tschintiessteiss]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Tschintiessteiss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|chorn-ti-shé}} Tschörntischee&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|tranzh-rós-chorn-ti-shé}} Tranzrööss Tschörntischee}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Dusorson]]&lt;br /&gt;
|62,870,864&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|360146|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} (With colonies)&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{convert|357,202|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} (Mainland TSC)&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-UKP.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[United Kadinist Provinces]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Fyīfūnūfyi bāḍan fyi kādīnīsig&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Wadiin language|Wadiin]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Fithogo|Fiṭoġō]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-UTA.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[United Territories of Anschuhe]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|zæ-ghó-nó-o-mó-thó-rinz-an-rhý-ghe}} Soouggoonoo Ömööttöörins Ansschrüüggee&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Low Tschintierst language|Low Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|kí-de-nes-ym-tscho-ron-an-shý-ce}} Kiideness Umtschoron Anschüüche&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Anschuhe]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Uue.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Üü]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|ý}} Üü&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|kæn-rós-ý}} Kaanrööss Üü}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Pyschuuss]]&lt;br /&gt;
|504,835&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|4854|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Vahtyas.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Vahtyas]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Triumvirate of Vahtyas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|fug|wa´ccas}} Vāccas&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Vahtyic language|Vahtyic]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|fug|saheuttem wa´ccas}} Saheuttem Vāccas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Vrishia.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Vrishia]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Vrishia}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|vri-shé-rhót}} Vrisjeeŗööt&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Vrishtic language|Vrishtic]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Vezdalen_flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[West Vezdalen]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of West Vezdalen}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|vrt|mesati oäzdáloz}} Væzdåloz&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Vezdali language|Vezdali]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|vrt|sátruzoa mesati oäzdáloz}} Såtruzva Væzdåloz}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Hivfeta-on-Esza]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Wadiin.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wadiin]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Wadiin}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ʿWaḍīn&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Wadiin language|Wadiin]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Ḍyāwayhwā ʿWaḍīnīfwā}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Dizundyi|Ḍīzunḍyi]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Wahakkum.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wahakkum]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Wahakkum}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Wāhākkum&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Ameikkei language|Ameikkei]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Wāhākkumebe Sonasha}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Suyeizona]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Wueguenz.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wügünz]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Grand Duchy of Wügünz}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|vy-gynzh}} Wügünz&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|cýr-kry-fen-rós-vy-gynzh}} Hüürkrüvenrööss Wügünz}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|1,006,480&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|11841|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Wuetschooess.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wütschööss]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Grand Principality of Wütschööss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|vy-chós}} Wütschööss&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|cýr-trnzh-ky-rós-vy-chós}} Hüürtranzkürööss Wütschööss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|517,320&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|6991|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Territories &amp;amp; dependencies==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |State&lt;br /&gt;
!Native name(s)&lt;br /&gt;
!Sovereign state&lt;br /&gt;
!Capital&lt;br /&gt;
!Population&lt;br /&gt;
!Surface area&lt;br /&gt;
!Continent&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Askeliema Flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Askeliema]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|dhm|áskeliem}} &#039;&#039;Askeliema&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{flag|Dhimrai}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|1,721,000&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:West Islands Flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Dhimze West Islands]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|dhm|rhálks;-pjhydzeki-jhmirjhiks;}} &#039;&#039;Ṙalks Pjudzeki Jmirjiks&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{flag|Dhimrai}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Port Artio]]&lt;br /&gt;
|74,000&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|16787|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Hadinhersia.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hadinhersia]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|King Hadinherss&#039;s Land}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|dhm|c-din-cers-ty-sho}} &#039;&#039;Hadinhersstüschö&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|ty-sho-trnzh-c-din-cer-sid}} Tüschö Tranz Hadinherssid}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{flag|Küüztschüüsches}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|502,458&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|851624|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:KSL Flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[King Sverit Land]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|dhm|pin;-qiidics;-sverit;}} &#039;&#039;Pin Qiidikhs Sverit&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{flag|Dhimrai}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|32,000&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:New-dhimrai.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[New Dhimrai]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|dhm|bosit;-jhmirjhi}} &#039;&#039;Bosit Jmirji&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{flag|Dhimrai}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|7,217,000&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|323197|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Tschenebitüschö.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Tschenebitüschö]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|dhm|che-ne-bi-ty-sho}} &#039;&#039;Tschenebitüschö&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{flag|Tschintiessteiss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Åsååschohådon]]&lt;br /&gt;
|2,484,291&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|1427754|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Tschümiirs Port.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Tschümiir&#039;s Port]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{flag|Tschintiessteiss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Lists]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_and_dependencies&amp;diff=10078</id>
		<title>List of countries and dependencies</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_and_dependencies&amp;diff=10078"/>
		<updated>2026-09-24T14:04:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This is a &#039;&#039;&#039;list of all the countries and dependencies/territories&#039;&#039;&#039; on Jotunnheim.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Sovereign states==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |State&lt;br /&gt;
!Native name(s)&lt;br /&gt;
!Capital&lt;br /&gt;
!Population&lt;br /&gt;
!Surface area&lt;br /&gt;
!Continent&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Abduscho.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Åbduscho]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Duchy of Åbduscho}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|ab-dy-sho}} Åbduscho&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|kry-fon-rós-ab-dy-sho}} Kruvonrooss Åbduscho}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Koovduusch]]&lt;br /&gt;
|262,033&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|7082|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Afa_flag_(1).png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Afa]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Afa}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Àfa&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Nyamu]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; {{small|Àgbà Àfa}} &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &#039;&#039;Àpa&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Nganka language|Nganka]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; {{small|Àpaŋgą̀w}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Biamujula]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Agisia_flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Agisia]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Republic of Agisia}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|vrt|agiṣoo}} Agiṣov&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Agisian language|Agisian]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|vrt|zeźuz agiṣook}} Zeźuz Agiṣovk}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Hosjutz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|14,491,109&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|165537|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Ardashu]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Princely Republic of Ardashu}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Adžašų&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Sheuvurnic language|Sheuvurnic]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kųtetytų Makrųčatus Adžašų}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-of-Athsud.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Athsud]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Athsud}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;?&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Athsudan language|Athsudan]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Ōzšūkad Zufitjadōfnā}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Azalchet.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Azalchet]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Princedom of Azalchet}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Ažaltšeto&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Azaldian language|Azaldian]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; {{small|Makrōstasē Ažaltšetotas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|X&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Barkasche.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Barkasche]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Principality of Barkasche}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;?&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dröövache Parutschan language|Dröövache Parutschan]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|?}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|br-k-she}} Barkasche&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|trnzh-ky-rós-br-k-she}} Tranzküröös Barkasche}}&lt;br /&gt;
|?&lt;br /&gt;
|95,430&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|4338|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:BaroFlag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Baro]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|State of Baro}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|dhm|pa%ro}} &#039;&#039;Páro&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Baro language|Baro]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|canaka%sto jo pa%ro}} Hanakásto yo Páro}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Bunsjong.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Bunsjong]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Shaadom of Bunsjong}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Búnsjoŋ&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Sjonge language|Sjonge]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Sjaagjiŋ Búnsjoŋ}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Bomakwodor_flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Bomakwodor]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Unified Dzuma Kingdom of Bomakwodor}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Bòmákwɔ́dɔ́&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dzuma language|Dzuma]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; {{small|má Dzṹmánàkɔ́ Déyí Bòmákwɔ́dɔ́}} &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Bayingan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:CER flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Central Etzavazi Republic]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Vertjožyn Řačalij Eżavaši&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Talozhi language|Talozhi]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Vertiožyn Dziačali Egiavasi&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Mesvadi language|Mesvadi]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Ṭeilyda Ezyavazyda Vertyozyin&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Kagatoni language|Kagatoni]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Mezhdeg]]&lt;br /&gt;
|116,807,000&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|1138328|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Chioq.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Chiöq]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Chiöq}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Chiöq&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Classical Chiöq language|Classical Chiöq]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Chiärbuun Chiöqduï}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Qkhu&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Qhu language|Qhu]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Tsrinchŭŭ Qkhunxee}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Cazre]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:flagsex.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Cicex]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Holy Cicex}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Ci-Cex&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Sngemscixngwài]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Ci-Cex Nriò}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Qì]] (summer)&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Sè-K&#039;io]] (winter)&lt;br /&gt;
|330,000,000&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Czisilia flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Czisilia]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Holy Realms of Czisilia and the Hle Le}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Ċīsīl&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Czisilian language|Czisilian]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Tlé zahi&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Hle Lun language|Hle Lun]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Eresa]]&lt;br /&gt;
|4,036,308&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|86062|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Dhimrai-std.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Dhimrai]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|United Kingdom of Dhimrai}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|jhmirjhi}} Jmirji&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|rheqnit;-qiidrjhi-jhmirjhki}} Ṙeqnit Qiidrji Jmirjki}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Jvuzrada]]&lt;br /&gt;
|35,152,286&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|220215|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Drooevache.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Dröövache]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Margravate of Dröövache}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|jer-çei-rhe}} Jertscheirre&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dröövache Parutschan language|Dröövache Parutschan]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|zz-kós-rós-er-jer-çei-rhe}} Såskoosroos er Jertscheirre}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|dró-f-ce}} Dröövache&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|zz-kós-rós-dró-f-ce}} Såskoossrooss Dröövache}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Aurtsche]]&lt;br /&gt;
|1,200,000&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|18615|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Dvikmi.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Dwichmii]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Margravate of Dwichmii}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|dvic-mí}} Dwichmii&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|zz-kós-rós-dvic-mí}} Såskoossrooss Dwichmii}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|dhm|dvikmi}} &#039;&#039;Dvikmi&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|dhm|zoksoros;-dvikmki}} {{small|Zoksoros Dvikmki}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Wichpürii]] (Vikhpuli)&lt;br /&gt;
|286,484&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|5509|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Eran flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Eran]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Nation of Eran}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Ērã, Ērãnẽdh&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Erayi language|Erayi]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Põdha gõ Ērãnẽdh}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag_mfi.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Five Isles]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Margravate of the Five Isles}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|ss-kó-shos-téy-cer-che-dré-gé-né}} Saskaoshos Téycer Chedreegeenee&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Thecenic language|Thecenic]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|zz-kós-rós-shos-che-cer-tr-shom}} Såskoossrooss schöss Tschecher Tråschom&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:FuggicEtzavazFlag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Fuggic Etzavaz]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Republic of Etzavaz}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|fug|viuntinteitin scourguuin}} Viuntinteitin Scourygin&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Etzavazi Fuggic language|Etzavazi Fuggic]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Fugireu.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Fugireu]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Fugireu}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|fug|fugi`reih}} Fugįreuh&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Fuggic language|Fuggic]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|fug|wui´`ti`ra´`s fugi`reih}} Wių́tįrą́s Fugįreuh}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Zaxeebi]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Gharzere tzalist flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Gharzere]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|People&#039;s Confederation of Gharzere}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|ghár;zer}} Garzerë&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Gharzi language|Gharzi]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|ce-bároebish;-kydzejh-ghár;dzeresh;}} He Baroebiš Kuzežë Garzereš}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Shtake]]&lt;br /&gt;
|18,688,000&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|197877|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Qiidrjitmi.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Giidirtschizmii]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Margravate of Giidirtschizmii}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|gí-dir-chizh-mí}} Giidirtschizmii&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|zz-kós-rós-gí-dir-chizh-mí}} Såskoossrooss Giidirtschizmii}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|dhm|qiidrjhitmi}} &#039;&#039;Qiidrjitmi&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|dhm|zoksoros;-qiidrjhitmi}} {{small|Zoksoros Qiidrjitmki}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Watizin]] (Vaticin)&lt;br /&gt;
|1,017,064&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|16404|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Gistetscho.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Gistetschö]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Gistetschö}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|gis-te-cho}} Gistetchö&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|trnzh-rós-gis-te-cho}} Tranzröös Gistetschö}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Hachaped]]&lt;br /&gt;
|1,910,500&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|24340|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Hashdezi_empire_flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hashdezi Empire]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|vrt|feddosoa gaśðäzig}} Feddosva Gaśðæzig&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Hashdezi language|Hashdezi]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Svakjaddr]]&lt;br /&gt;
|48,295,459&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|364852|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Hehagho flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hehagho]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Free State of Hehagho}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|vrt|henhäǵö}} Henhägyö&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dirhassian language|Dirhassian]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|vrt|ábuzu henhäǵöií}} Ávuzu Henhägyöjí}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;Xẽxãgo&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Erayi language|Erayi]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Põdha Sēyex gõ Xẽxãgo}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Hehagho ([[Wikipedia:City-state|City-state]])&lt;br /&gt;
|172,000&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Hepetha.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hepetha]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Duchy of Hepetha}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|fug|he´pe`tse´}} Hépęþé&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Hepethan language|Hepethan]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|fug|pe`tslo`se he´pe`tse´}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Liyogesiu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Hiethcee.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hiethcee]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Dual Monarchy of Hiethcee}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|hídh-cé}} Hiethcee&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Thecenic language|Thecenic]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|trs-tré-chí-hídh-cé}} Trastreechie Hiethcee}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Mayrfushy]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:HokuneinFlag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hokunein]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|People&#039;s Nation of Hokunein}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Hákkułúttun&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Hokucheir language|Hokucheir]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kuttavás Łúttunit Hákkułúttun}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Hinzgooess.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hinzgööss]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Duchy of Hinzgööss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|cinzh-gós}} Hinzgööss&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|kry-fon-rós-cinzh-gós}} Kruvonrooss Hinzgööss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Jeevtüss]]&lt;br /&gt;
|677,642&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|6986|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Jadena.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Jadena]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Princely Republic of Jadena}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Jadnsas&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Jadn language|Jadn]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kosetnam Mokrodātō Jadnsasā}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Sobsaltn]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Jatschuuemuerns.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Jatschüümürns]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Jatschüümürns}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|j-chý-myrnz}} Jatschüümürns&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|trnzh-rós-j-chý-myrnz}} Tranzrööss Jatschüümürns}}&lt;br /&gt;
|?&lt;br /&gt;
|1,479,050&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|16077|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Khobeh_flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Khobeh]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Khobeh}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Khɔbɛ&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Nyamu]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; {{small|Àgbà Khɔbɛ}} &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Kashinkhor]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-of-Kuuztschuusches.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Küüztschüüsches]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Küüztschüüsches}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|kýzh-chý-shé}} Küüztschüüschee&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|trnzh-rós-kýzh-chý-shé}} Tranzrööss Küüztschüüschee}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Tschuurumyn]]&lt;br /&gt;
|21,705,231&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|144318|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Menkhemon flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Menkhemon]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Diarchy of Menkhemon}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Mẽxẽmõx&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Erayi language|Erayi]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-TRM.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Mödwritschööss]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Tzalist Republics of Mödwritschööss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Nedheesi flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Nedheesi Republic]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|20,371,354&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|710546|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Niksjvuzri.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Niichstschüzrii]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Free City of Niichstschüzrii}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|nícs-chyzh-rí}} Niichstschüzrii&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|a-zá-sho-a-mó-ri-nícs-chyzh-rí}} Åsååscho Amööri Niichstschüzrii}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|dhm|niksjhvyzri}} &#039;&#039;Niksjvuzri&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{cs|dhm|dzenit;-ádáksi-niksjhvyzrki}} {{small|Dzenit Adaksi Niksjvuzrki}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Niichstschuzrii ([[Wikipedia:City-state|City-state]])&lt;br /&gt;
|95,594&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|719|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Nozhya.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Nözhya]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Republics of Nözhya}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Ngöözhyaa&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Nözhyin language|Nözhyin]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Sangzhazh Ngöözhyaas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:OUTS flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Oldirian Union]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Revolutionary Oldirian Union State}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|vrt|kűtzeźüz öldírí}} Kűtzeźüz Öldírí&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dirhassian language|Dirhassian]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|vrt|ubal kűtzeźüzí öldírí gasadúnú}} Uval Kűtzeźüzí Öldírí Gasadúnú}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Oszújú]]&lt;br /&gt;
|117,195,553&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|1368947|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Ravison]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Princely Republic of Ravison}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Ravizų&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Sheuvurnic language|Sheuvurnic]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kųtetytų Makrųčatus Ravizų}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Rirshei.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Rirshei]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Pecheg of Rirshei}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|rir-she}} Rirshei&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Rirsheic language|Rirsheic]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|po-chéc-rir-she}} Pecheec Rirshei}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|72770|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:rssflag-nu.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[RSS]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Great Queendom of the Rising Shouting Sun}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{Cs|hsk|dafaA niVkaG}} Dafá Nìʼikàa {{small|([[Regal Dòn Proper]])}}&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;{{Cs|hsk|dafaA haGniXkiNG hieeG HcD zeCshiNA uuFshiNA}} Dafá Hàanììkìin Hièe Hcoo Hleʼéshín Uúshín&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Dafáhčookîn]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Anschuhe]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Sakhasta flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Sakhasta]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Democratic Republic of Sakhasta}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Saxasat&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Erayi language|Erayi]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:samatkhaoul new flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Samatkhaoul]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Republic of the Samatkhaoul}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|cpt|ⲛ̀ϣⲁⲙⲁⲧ ⲭⲁ̄ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲗ}} {{small|([[Ibsa language]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ottex]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Shibun.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Shibun]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Shibun Empire}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Shiibùn&#039;&#039; {{small|([[High Shinge language|High Shinge]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|X}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Soderon.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Soderon]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Soderon}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|só-dé-ró}} Sǿdérǿ&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Soderic language|Soderic]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Kunu_mbarkhene_flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Tarwah Union]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Triarchy of Kunu-Mbarkhene}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Kunu-Mbarkhene&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Bhala language|Bhala]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Mbaarkheer]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Teremres flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Teremres]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Teremres}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|fug|te´rembex}} Tėrembės&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Teremish language|Teremish]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|fug|se´s te´rembex lontre´s}} Sės Tėrembex Lontrės}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Regozyl]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|220215|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Teshkasta flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Teshkasta]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Nation of Teshkasta}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Tēshekasat&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Erayi language|Erayi]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Põdha Tēshekasate}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Tschintiesteiss.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Tschintiessteiss]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Tschintiessteiss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|chorn-ti-shé}} Tschörntischee&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|tranzh-rós-chorn-ti-shé}} Tranzrööss Tschörntischee}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Dusorson]]&lt;br /&gt;
|62,870,864&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|360146|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} (With colonies)&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{convert|357,202|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} (Mainland TSC)&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-UKP.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[United Kadinist Provinces]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Fyīfūnūfyi bāḍan fyi kādīnīsig&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Wadiin language|Wadiin]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Fithogo|Fiṭoġō]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-UTA.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[United Territories of Anschuhe]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|zæ-ghó-nó-o-mó-thó-rinz-an-rhý-ghe}} Soouggoonoo Ömööttöörins Ansschrüüggee&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Low Tschintierst language|Low Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|kí-de-nes-ym-tscho-ron-an-shý-ce}} Kiideness Umtschoron Anschüüche&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Anschuhe]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Uue.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Üü]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|ý}} Üü&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|kæn-rós-ý}} Kaanrööss Üü}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Pyschuuss]]&lt;br /&gt;
|504,835&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|4854|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Vahtyas.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Vahtyas]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Triumvirate of Vahtyas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|fug|wa´ccas}} Vāccas&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Vahtyic language|Vahtyic]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|fug|saheuttem wa´ccas}} Saheuttem Vāccas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Vrishia.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Vrishia]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Vrishia}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|vri-shé-rhót}} Vrisjeeŗööt&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Vrishtic language|Vrishtic]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Vezdalen_flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[West Vezdalen]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of West Vezdalen}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|vrt|mesati oäzdáloz}} Væzdåloz&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Vezdali language|Vezdali]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|vrt|sátruzoa mesati oäzdáloz}} Såtruzva Væzdåloz}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Hivfeta-on-Esza]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Wadiin.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wadiin]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Wadiin}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;ʿWaḍīn&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Wadiin language|Wadiin]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Ḍyāwayhwā ʿWaḍīnīfwā}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Dizundyi|Ḍīzunḍyi]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Wahakkum.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wahakkum]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Kingdom of Wahakkum}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Wāhākkum&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Ameikkei language|Ameikkei]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Wāhākkumebe Sonasha}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Suyeizona]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Wueguenz.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wügünz]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Grand Duchy of Wügünz}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|vy-gynzh}} Wügünz&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|cýr-kry-fen-rós-vy-gynzh}} Hüürkrüvenrööss Wügünz}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|1,006,480&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|11841|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Wuetschooess.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wütschööss]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|Grand Principality of Wütschööss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;{{cs|dhm|vy-chós}} Wütschööss&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|cýr-trnzh-ky-rós-vy-chós}} Hüürtranzkürööss Wütschööss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|517,320&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|6991|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Territories &amp;amp; dependencies==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |State&lt;br /&gt;
!Native name(s)&lt;br /&gt;
!Sovereign state&lt;br /&gt;
!Capital&lt;br /&gt;
!Population&lt;br /&gt;
!Surface area&lt;br /&gt;
!Continent&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Askeliema Flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Askeliema]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|dhm|áskeliem}} &#039;&#039;Askeliema&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{flag|Dhimrai}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|1,721,000&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:West Islands Flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Dhimze West Islands]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|dhm|rhálks;-pjhydzeki-jhmirjhiks;}} &#039;&#039;Ṙalks Pjudzeki Jmirjiks&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{flag|Dhimrai}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Port Artio]]&lt;br /&gt;
|74,000&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|16787|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Hadinhersia.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hadinhersia]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|King Hadinherss&#039;s Land}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|dhm|c-din-cers-ty-sho}} &#039;&#039;Hadinhersstüschö&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{small|{{cs|dhm|ty-sho-trnzh-c-din-cer-sid}} Tüschö Tranz Hadinherssid}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{flag|Küüztschüüsches}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|502,458&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|851624|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:KSL Flag.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[King Sverit Land]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|dhm|pin;-qiidics;-sverit;}} &#039;&#039;Pin Qiidikhs Sverit&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{flag|Dhimrai}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|32,000&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:New-dhimrai.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[New Dhimrai]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|dhm|bosit;-jhmirjhi}} &#039;&#039;Bosit Jmirji&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Dhimze language|Dhimze]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{flag|Dhimrai}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|7,217,000&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|323197|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Tschenebitüschö.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Tschenebitüschö]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|{{cs|dhm|che-ne-bi-ty-sho}} &#039;&#039;Tschenebitüschö&#039;&#039; {{small|([[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]])}}&lt;br /&gt;
|{{flag|Tschintiessteiss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Åsååschohådon]]&lt;br /&gt;
|2,484,291&lt;br /&gt;
|{{convert|1427754|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Huo]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Flag-Tschümiirs Port.png|40px|frameless|center]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Tschümiir&#039;s Port]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|{{flag|Tschintiessteiss}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Yazland]]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Lists]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka&amp;diff=10077</id>
		<title>Hashka</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Hashka&amp;diff=10077"/>
		<updated>2026-09-24T13:53:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Taxobox|name=Hashka|image=Hashka.jpg|image_alt=|image_caption=A sketch of a (presumably male) haskha fisherman.|regnum=[[Wikipedia:Animalia|Animalia]]|phylum=[[Wikipedia:Chordata|Chordata]]|classis=[[Wikipedia:Mammalia|Mammalia]]|ordo=[[Wikipedia:Carnivora|Carnivora]]|familia=[[Haschidae]]|genus=&#039;&#039;[[Orthohascha]]&#039;&#039;|species=&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;O. garrula&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;|binomial=&#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;|binomial_authority=F.|status=LC|status_system=IUCN3.1|domain=[[Wikipedia:Eukarya|Eukarya]]|superfamilia=[[Wikipedia:Herpestoidea|Herpestoidea]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Hashka&#039;&#039;&#039; (sg. and pl., alternative plural &#039;&#039;&#039;hashkae&#039;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;, [[Regal Dòn Proper]]: {{Cs|hsk|haBHkashiN}} &#039;&#039;Háàhkashin&#039;&#039;) are the native people of [[Anschuhe]], somewhat distantly related to the [[Wikipedia:hyena|hyenas]] of [[Nkungu]] and more closely to the [[Sveltewolf|sveltewolves]] of southern [[Ashnan]]. They originated around central-southern Ashnan, near modern-day [[Cicex]], approximately 60,000 years before present. Like the rest of their family, [[Haschidae]], they are [[Wikipedia:mesocarnivore|mesocarnivores]], with around 50% of their diet requiring meat. They are the only sapient members of genus [[Orthohascha]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Prehistory ===&lt;br /&gt;
Hashka are theorised to have gained sapience around 60,000 years ago within the territory nowadays occupied by [[Cicex]]. At the time, they were little more than hunter-gatherers, living in small and disperse pockets, with some knowledge of riverine sailing. Upon human expansion 40,000 years ago, most early hashka were either driven out or killed. The only surviving populations managed to sail to nearby [[Anschuhe]], where they thrived and expanded, covering most of the continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Hashka Copper Age ===&lt;br /&gt;
Evidence of early hashka copperwork can be found around eastern mountainous Anschuhe, dating to around 8500 BP, in the form of various vessels, weapons and bells. The nature of most of the weapons found, i.e. arrowheads and spearheads intended for hunting, lends credence to the theory that warfare amongst hashka populations was minimal or nonexistent at this time. [[Proto-Hro-Don language|Proto-Hro-Don]] is theorised to have originated around this this era, ~5000 BP, around the mouth of the [[Fíó River]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Human contact ===&lt;br /&gt;
There is scant and inconclusive evidence of hashka-human contact before this time, but since 2000 CY it can be said that the early populations of modern-day [[Cicex]] and modern-day [[RSS]] have held tenuous trading partnerships.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Industrialisation ===&lt;br /&gt;
After the initial colonisation efforts by [[TSC]] which would later become the [[United Territories of Anschuhe]], a small industrial boom began in the more populous cities, while the rest of the continent remains mostly pastoralist.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Behaviour ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Social organisation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Hashka group themselves in hierarchical family units, with a matriarch at the very top, her unmarried female children under her, followed by the matriarch&#039;s male spouses, then her unmarried male children, and her young cubs at the very bottom.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Communication ===&lt;br /&gt;
While hashka primarily communicate through spoken language (mostly [[Hro-Don languages]]), their body language and emotional reactions are idiosyncratic and often hard to parse by unknowing humans. Below is a general guide.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Laughter is the main emotional response that may confuse a human; hashka usually laugh not as a result of happiness or pleasure, but as a response to stress, nervousness and/or anxiety. A happy laughter is tendentially a &amp;quot;woo&amp;quot; sound that rises and falls in pitch rhythmically. Similarly, a hashka smiling is usually an indicator of fear or stress, especially with ears angled flat.&lt;br /&gt;
* A pleasant sound hashka usually make is called the &#039;&#039;moo&#039;&#039;, a long, sustained low sound reminiscent of a cow mooing, which usually signifies calmness or affection.&lt;br /&gt;
* Angry hashka will usually emit a rolling growling/roaring sound from the back of their throats&lt;br /&gt;
* Hashka experience piloerection on most of their body fur but particularly their nape, which reacts to emotional impulse. A relaxed, slightly erected mane is the neutral position, while negative emotions are usually accompanied by a flattened mane. When preparing for an attack, the mane erects fully.&lt;br /&gt;
* Ear position is important in reading a hashka&#039;s emotions.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;Folded flat&#039;&#039;&#039;: fear, anxiety, concern.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;Folded back&#039;&#039;&#039;: anger, about to attack.&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;&#039;Held upright&#039;&#039;&#039;: neutral, happiness.&lt;br /&gt;
* Tail motion is another notable factor. In its neutral position, it will hang limp. An erected, up-curled tail is usually a signifier of excitement, while a tail curled into the crotch is a sign of fear. A flick of the tail signifies discomfort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hashka physical communication also differs from humans&#039;. A typical display of affection between close friends is neck-to-neck contact, while romantic affection is usually demonstrated by touching noses and rubbing snouts against each other&#039;s fur.&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sapient species]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Hashka]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10035</id>
		<title>Sveltewolf</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10035"/>
		<updated>2026-09-23T01:32:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: /* Characteristics */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Automatic taxobox&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Sveltewolves&lt;br /&gt;
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|21|0}} [[Early Miocene]] – recent&lt;br /&gt;
| image = Hashkadiversity.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption = One example from each extant genus of Haschidae, clockwise from upper left: etzavazi sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039;), tree hyena (&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039;), ashnan sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039;), and [[hashka]] (&#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
| taxon = Haschidae&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus = &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus_authority = F.&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision = * &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschinae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Orthohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Plesicyoninae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Sveltewolves&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈsvɛltwʊlvz/ &#039;&#039;SVELT-wolves&#039;&#039;, /-tə-/ &#039;&#039;SVEL-tə-wolves&#039;&#039;) are [[Wikipedia:Feliform|feliform]] [[Wikipedia:Carnivoran|carnivoran]] mammals belonging to the [[Wikipedia:Family (taxonomy)|family]] &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈhaskɪdiː/ &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Latin pronunciation:&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; [ˈas.ki.dɛː]). It is a large and varied family of mostly crepuscular to nocturnal, small-animal predators distributed across [[Nkungu]], [[Etzavaz]] and southern coastal [[Ashnan]]. [[Hashka]] are the only extant members in [[Anschuhe]], even though they, too, are native to Ashnan, and were displaced out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Wikipedia:Phylogenetics|Phylogenetically]], sveltewolves are [[Wikipedia:herpestoidea|herpestoideans]] most closely related to the [[Wikipedia:hyena|hyenas]] of Nkungu and Etzavaz, of which the [[Wikipedia:aardwolf|aardwolf]] is the closest relative. Behaviourally, however, sveltewolves are closer to small canid species such as [[Wikipedia:fox|foxes]], with the major exception of the [[tree hyena]], which behaves similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Red panda|red panda]], and [[hashka]], which occupy a similar niche to [[Wikipedia:human|humans]] and [[Jötunn|jötnar]] as a sapient species.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phylogeny ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origins ===&lt;br /&gt;
Haschidae evolved from a common ancestor with [[Wikipedia:Hyena|hyaenids]] in the early [[Wikipedia:Miocene|Miocene]], around 21 million years ago. This ancestor physically resembled more basal hyenas such as the [[Wikipedia:Aardwolf|aardwolf]] and eventually went on to fill a similar niche outside of [[Nkungu]] as omnivores, never evolving the bite strength or bone-crushing capabilities of [[Wikipedia:Hyaeninae|Hyaeninae]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Plesicyoninae ===&lt;br /&gt;
Plesicyoninae are the subfamily closest to the basal sveltewolves. There are two distinct genera of Plesicyoninae: [[Paraproteles]], the aardwolf-like sveltewolves, and [[Plesicyon]], which mostly covers species found on [[Ashnan]]. This latter genus is characterised by a more slender body plan and semi-migratory tendencies, moving towards the coast during mating season and inland for the rest of the year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Haschinae ===&lt;br /&gt;
The common ancestor of the [[Haschinae]] was the thieving sveltewolf ([[Euhascha pseudocrocuta|&#039;&#039;Euhascha pseudocrocuta&#039;&#039;]]), a highly social, large sveltewolf that evolved somewhat similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Spotted hyena|spotted hyena]] as a carrion-eater taking advantage of wolf kills while also supplementing its diet with fruits, which explains its later omnivory. They eventually evolved tree-climbing as an escape strategy, which led to more fruit entering their diet as it was more easily accessible. This newfound frugivory, compounded by their tree-climbing behaviour, led to them evolving opposable pseudo-thumbs. The lineage leading to [[hashka]] eventually gained the cognitive abilities to create tools and fire, and led to their sapience around 60,000 years ago, during the late [[Wikipedia:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phylogenetic tree ===&lt;br /&gt;
{{clade|{{clade&lt;br /&gt;
  |label1=[[Plesicyoninae]] (Land-dwelling sveltewolves)&lt;br /&gt;
  |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039; (etzavazi sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039; (egg-stealing sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039; (ashnan sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039; (red sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |3=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon crinatus]]&#039;&#039; (greater sveltewolf) &lt;br /&gt;
        |4=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon glaucus]]&#039;&#039; (boreal sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }}&lt;br /&gt;
  |label2=[[Haschinae]] (Tree-dwelling sveltewolves and hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
  |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Hashka|Orthohascha garrula]]&#039;&#039; (hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039; (large-footed tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha latrans]]&#039;&#039; (barking tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }} }}|style=font-size:80%; line-height:80%|label1=&#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Characteristics ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Physical characteristics ===&lt;br /&gt;
Although sveltewolves are highly varied, some common physical characteristics can be observed. Most sveltewolves, with the exception of the red sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039;), tend to have muted, desaturated coat colours ranging in the greys, blacks, whites and browns. These coats tend to darken around the face and neck, limbs, and the ends of their tails. The lighter-coloured areas are usually covered in faint stripes. They are endowed with manes, which in some species extend around the entirety of the neck, and are softer than the coarser fur around the rest of the body. This mane can be used in communication through piloerection. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolf ears tend to be large and round-tipped, their noses somewhat flatter than those of [[Wikipedia:Canid|canids]], and their necks more elongated than those of their hyena relatives. Their tails are usually slim and tipped with bristle-like fluff which may, like the mane, also piloerect as an emotional response. Their tongues are strikingly cat-like, with noticeable backwards-facing spines along the upper surface.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Haschinae]], the forest tree-dwelling subfamily including [[hashka]], are highly divergent while also retaining some features from their land-dwelling relatives. They possess opposable pseudo-thumbs evolved from the ancestral index finger. Although not as dextrous as those of [[Wikipedia:Primate|primates]], they still allow for enough complex manipulation in hashka to grasp, make tools, write, etc., and in [[Nemohascha]] to grasp branches and fruit. Their tails also tend to be bigger, meatier, and more articulated, although in hashka they are greatly reduced, as they have not contributed to their balance for several hundred thousand years. It is theorised that hashka have retained their arguably vestigial tails for the purposes of emoting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Behaviour ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves, with the exception of [[hashka]], generally feed on small animals, insects, and eggs. Some species may specialise their diets further, such as the egg-stealing sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039;), or the members of genus [[Nemohascha]], which primarily feed on fruit and bird eggs. They are tendentially [[Wikipedia:Sociality#Solitary but social|solitary-but-social]], only demonstrating higher sociality in members of the [[Haschinae]] subfamily, all of whom mate for life. On average, sveltewolves live about twenty to thirty years, with, again, the exception of hashka, who live up to eighty. Communication (not counting hashka&#039;s complex languages) usually consists of &amp;quot;giggles&amp;quot; (laugh-like vocalisations noticeably not as raucous as those of [[Wikipedia:Spotted hyena|spotted hyenas]]), guttural barks and growls, and chuffs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reproductive strategies vary by genus; [[Paraproteles]] members mate through the wet season, meeting occasionally but never remaining with one mate for life. [[Plesicyon]] members instead follow a migratory pattern, moving towards the warmer southern coasts during the spring and remaining in the cooler inland portions of [[Ashnan]] the rest of the year. [[Haschinae]] in general tend to mate for life, with the female taking a dominant role and serving as the matriarch figure in a family unit. Hashka follow this pattern, and have indeed extrapolated it into a fully hierarchical, complex, matriarchal family unit system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Relationships with humans and hashka ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Folklore, mythology and literature ===&lt;br /&gt;
{hey, y&#039;all, please fill this out with cultural notes and mythology about sveltewolves in your cultures}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Attacks ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves in general, due to their skittish and solitary nature, rarely if ever attack unprovoked, and very few attested deaths can be attributed to them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== In popular culture ===&lt;br /&gt;
{same as folklore section}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sveltewolves]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Anschuhe]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10034</id>
		<title>Sveltewolf</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10034"/>
		<updated>2026-09-23T01:29:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: /* Characteristics */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Automatic taxobox&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Sveltewolves&lt;br /&gt;
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|21|0}} [[Early Miocene]] – recent&lt;br /&gt;
| image = Hashkadiversity.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption = One example from each extant genus of Haschidae, clockwise from upper left: etzavazi sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039;), tree hyena (&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039;), ashnan sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039;), and [[hashka]] (&#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
| taxon = Haschidae&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus = &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus_authority = F.&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision = * &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschinae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Orthohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Plesicyoninae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Sveltewolves&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈsvɛltwʊlvz/ &#039;&#039;SVELT-wolves&#039;&#039;, /-tə-/ &#039;&#039;SVEL-tə-wolves&#039;&#039;) are [[Wikipedia:Feliform|feliform]] [[Wikipedia:Carnivoran|carnivoran]] mammals belonging to the [[Wikipedia:Family (taxonomy)|family]] &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈhaskɪdiː/ &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Latin pronunciation:&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; [ˈas.ki.dɛː]). It is a large and varied family of mostly crepuscular to nocturnal, small-animal predators distributed across [[Nkungu]], [[Etzavaz]] and southern coastal [[Ashnan]]. [[Hashka]] are the only extant members in [[Anschuhe]], even though they, too, are native to Ashnan, and were displaced out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Wikipedia:Phylogenetics|Phylogenetically]], sveltewolves are [[Wikipedia:herpestoidea|herpestoideans]] most closely related to the [[Wikipedia:hyena|hyenas]] of Nkungu and Etzavaz, of which the [[Wikipedia:aardwolf|aardwolf]] is the closest relative. Behaviourally, however, sveltewolves are closer to small canid species such as [[Wikipedia:fox|foxes]], with the major exception of the [[tree hyena]], which behaves similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Red panda|red panda]], and [[hashka]], which occupy a similar niche to [[Wikipedia:human|humans]] and [[Jötunn|jötnar]] as a sapient species.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phylogeny ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origins ===&lt;br /&gt;
Haschidae evolved from a common ancestor with [[Wikipedia:Hyena|hyaenids]] in the early [[Wikipedia:Miocene|Miocene]], around 21 million years ago. This ancestor physically resembled more basal hyenas such as the [[Wikipedia:Aardwolf|aardwolf]] and eventually went on to fill a similar niche outside of [[Nkungu]] as omnivores, never evolving the bite strength or bone-crushing capabilities of [[Wikipedia:Hyaeninae|Hyaeninae]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Plesicyoninae ===&lt;br /&gt;
Plesicyoninae are the subfamily closest to the basal sveltewolves. There are two distinct genera of Plesicyoninae: [[Paraproteles]], the aardwolf-like sveltewolves, and [[Plesicyon]], which mostly covers species found on [[Ashnan]]. This latter genus is characterised by a more slender body plan and semi-migratory tendencies, moving towards the coast during mating season and inland for the rest of the year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Haschinae ===&lt;br /&gt;
The common ancestor of the [[Haschinae]] was the thieving sveltewolf ([[Euhascha pseudocrocuta|&#039;&#039;Euhascha pseudocrocuta&#039;&#039;]]), a highly social, large sveltewolf that evolved somewhat similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Spotted hyena|spotted hyena]] as a carrion-eater taking advantage of wolf kills while also supplementing its diet with fruits, which explains its later omnivory. They eventually evolved tree-climbing as an escape strategy, which led to more fruit entering their diet as it was more easily accessible. This newfound frugivory, compounded by their tree-climbing behaviour, led to them evolving opposable pseudo-thumbs. The lineage leading to [[hashka]] eventually gained the cognitive abilities to create tools and fire, and led to their sapience around 60,000 years ago, during the late [[Wikipedia:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phylogenetic tree ===&lt;br /&gt;
{{clade|{{clade&lt;br /&gt;
  |label1=[[Plesicyoninae]] (Land-dwelling sveltewolves)&lt;br /&gt;
  |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039; (etzavazi sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039; (egg-stealing sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039; (ashnan sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039; (red sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |3=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon crinatus]]&#039;&#039; (greater sveltewolf) &lt;br /&gt;
        |4=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon glaucus]]&#039;&#039; (boreal sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }}&lt;br /&gt;
  |label2=[[Haschinae]] (Tree-dwelling sveltewolves and hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
  |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Hashka|Orthohascha garrula]]&#039;&#039; (hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039; (large-footed tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha latrans]]&#039;&#039; (barking tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }} }}|style=font-size:80%; line-height:80%|label1=&#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Characteristics ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Physical characteristics ===&lt;br /&gt;
Although sveltewolves are highly varied, some common physical characteristics can be observed. Most sveltewolves, with the exception of the red sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039;), tend to have muted, desaturated coat colours ranging in the greys, blacks, whites and browns. These coats tend to darken around the face and neck, limbs, and the ends of their tails. The lighter-coloured areas are usually covered in faint stripes. They are endowed with manes, which in some species extend around the entirety of the neck, and are softer than the coarser fur around the rest of the body. This mane can be used in communication through piloerection. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolf ears tend to be large and round-tipped, their noses somewhat flatter than those of [[Wikipedia:Canid|canids]], and their necks more elongated than those of their hyena relatives. Their tails are usually slim and tipped with bristle-like fluff which may, like the mane, also piloerect as an emotional response. Their tongues are strikingly cat-like, with noticeable backwards-facing spines along the upper surface.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Haschinae]], the forest tree-dwelling subfamily including [[hashka]], are highly divergent while also retaining some features from their land-dwelling relatives. They possess opposable pseudo-thumbs evolved from the ancestral index finger. Although not as dextrous as those of [[Wikipedia:Primate|primates]], they still allow for enough complex manipulation to grasp, make tools, write, etc. in hashka, and for grasping branches and fruit in [[Nemohascha]]. Their tails also tend to be bigger, meatier, and more articulated, although in hashka they are greatly reduced as they haven&#039;t contributed to their balance for several hundreds of thousands of years. It is theorised that hashka have retained their arguably vestigial tails for the purposes of emoting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Behaviour ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves, with the exception of [[hashka]], generally feed on small animals, insects, and eggs. Some species may specialise their diets further, such as the egg-stealing sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039;), or the members of genus [[Nemohascha]], which primarily feed on fruit and bird eggs. They are tendentially [[Wikipedia:Sociality#Solitary but social|solitary-but-social]], only demonstrating higher sociality in members of the [[Haschinae]] subfamily, all of whom mate for life. On average, sveltewolves live about twenty to thirty years, with, again, the exception of hashka, who live up to eighty. Communication (not counting hashka&#039;s complex languages) usually consists of &amp;quot;giggles&amp;quot; (laugh-like vocalisations noticeably not as raucous as those of [[Wikipedia:Spotted hyena|spotted hyenas]]), guttural barks and growls, and chuffs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reproductive strategies vary by genus; [[Paraproteles]] members mate through the wet season, meeting occasionally but never remaining with one mate for life. [[Plesicyon]] members instead follow a migratory pattern, moving towards the warmer southern coasts during the spring and remaining in the cooler inland portions of [[Ashnan]] the rest of the year. [[Haschinae]] in general tend to mate for life, with the female taking a dominant role and serving as the matriarch figure in a family unit. Hashka follow this pattern, and have indeed extrapolated it into a fully hierarchical, complex, matriarchal family unit system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Relationships with humans and hashka ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Folklore, mythology and literature ===&lt;br /&gt;
{hey, y&#039;all, please fill this out with cultural notes and mythology about sveltewolves in your cultures}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Attacks ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves in general, due to their skittish and solitary nature, rarely if ever attack unprovoked, and very few attested deaths can be attributed to them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== In popular culture ===&lt;br /&gt;
{same as folklore section}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sveltewolves]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Anschuhe]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10033</id>
		<title>Sveltewolf</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10033"/>
		<updated>2026-09-23T01:18:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: /* Characteristics */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Automatic taxobox&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Sveltewolves&lt;br /&gt;
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|21|0}} [[Early Miocene]] – recent&lt;br /&gt;
| image = Hashkadiversity.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption = One example from each extant genus of Haschidae, clockwise from upper left: etzavazi sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039;), tree hyena (&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039;), ashnan sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039;), and [[hashka]] (&#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
| taxon = Haschidae&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus = &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus_authority = F.&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision = * &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschinae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Orthohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Plesicyoninae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Sveltewolves&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈsvɛltwʊlvz/ &#039;&#039;SVELT-wolves&#039;&#039;, /-tə-/ &#039;&#039;SVEL-tə-wolves&#039;&#039;) are [[Wikipedia:Feliform|feliform]] [[Wikipedia:Carnivoran|carnivoran]] mammals belonging to the [[Wikipedia:Family (taxonomy)|family]] &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈhaskɪdiː/ &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Latin pronunciation:&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; [ˈas.ki.dɛː]). It is a large and varied family of mostly crepuscular to nocturnal, small-animal predators distributed across [[Nkungu]], [[Etzavaz]] and southern coastal [[Ashnan]]. [[Hashka]] are the only extant members in [[Anschuhe]], even though they, too, are native to Ashnan, and were displaced out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Wikipedia:Phylogenetics|Phylogenetically]], sveltewolves are [[Wikipedia:herpestoidea|herpestoideans]] most closely related to the [[Wikipedia:hyena|hyenas]] of Nkungu and Etzavaz, of which the [[Wikipedia:aardwolf|aardwolf]] is the closest relative. Behaviourally, however, sveltewolves are closer to small canid species such as [[Wikipedia:fox|foxes]], with the major exception of the [[tree hyena]], which behaves similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Red panda|red panda]], and [[hashka]], which occupy a similar niche to [[Wikipedia:human|humans]] and [[Jötunn|jötnar]] as a sapient species.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phylogeny ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origins ===&lt;br /&gt;
Haschidae evolved from a common ancestor with [[Wikipedia:Hyena|hyaenids]] in the early [[Wikipedia:Miocene|Miocene]], around 21 million years ago. This ancestor physically resembled more basal hyenas such as the [[Wikipedia:Aardwolf|aardwolf]] and eventually went on to fill a similar niche outside of [[Nkungu]] as omnivores, never evolving the bite strength or bone-crushing capabilities of [[Wikipedia:Hyaeninae|Hyaeninae]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Plesicyoninae ===&lt;br /&gt;
Plesicyoninae are the subfamily closest to the basal sveltewolves. There are two distinct genera of Plesicyoninae: [[Paraproteles]], the aardwolf-like sveltewolves, and [[Plesicyon]], which mostly covers species found on [[Ashnan]]. This latter genus is characterised by a more slender body plan and semi-migratory tendencies, moving towards the coast during mating season and inland for the rest of the year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Haschinae ===&lt;br /&gt;
The common ancestor of the [[Haschinae]] was the thieving sveltewolf ([[Euhascha pseudocrocuta|&#039;&#039;Euhascha pseudocrocuta&#039;&#039;]]), a highly social, large sveltewolf that evolved somewhat similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Spotted hyena|spotted hyena]] as a carrion-eater taking advantage of wolf kills while also supplementing its diet with fruits, which explains its later omnivory. They eventually evolved tree-climbing as an escape strategy, which led to more fruit entering their diet as it was more easily accessible. This newfound frugivory, compounded by their tree-climbing behaviour, led to them evolving opposable pseudo-thumbs. The lineage leading to [[hashka]] eventually gained the cognitive abilities to create tools and fire, and led to their sapience around 60,000 years ago, during the late [[Wikipedia:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phylogenetic tree ===&lt;br /&gt;
{{clade|{{clade&lt;br /&gt;
  |label1=[[Plesicyoninae]] (Land-dwelling sveltewolves)&lt;br /&gt;
  |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039; (etzavazi sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039; (egg-stealing sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039; (ashnan sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039; (red sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |3=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon crinatus]]&#039;&#039; (greater sveltewolf) &lt;br /&gt;
        |4=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon glaucus]]&#039;&#039; (boreal sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }}&lt;br /&gt;
  |label2=[[Haschinae]] (Tree-dwelling sveltewolves and hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
  |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Hashka|Orthohascha garrula]]&#039;&#039; (hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039; (large-footed tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha latrans]]&#039;&#039; (barking tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }} }}|style=font-size:80%; line-height:80%|label1=&#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Characteristics ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Physical characteristics ===&lt;br /&gt;
Although sveltewolves are highly varied, some common physical characteristics can be observed. Most sveltewolves, with the exception of the red sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039;), tend to have muted, desaturated coat colours ranging in the greys, blacks, whites and browns. These coats tend to darken around the face and neck, limbs, and the ends of their tails. The lighter-coloured areas are usually covered in faint stripes. They are endowed with manes, which in some species extend around the entirety of the neck, and are softer than the coarser fur around the rest of the body. This mane can be used in communication through piloerection. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolf ears tend to be large and round-tipped, their noses somewhat flatter than those of [[Wikipedia:Canid|canids]], and their necks more elongated than those of their hyena relatives. Their tails are usually slim and tipped with bristle-like fluff which may, like the mane, also piloerect as an emotional response. Their tongues are strikingly cat-like, with noticeable backwards-facing spines along the upper surface.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Haschinae]], the forest tree-dwelling subfamily including [[hashka]], are highly divergent while also retaining some features from their land-dwelling relatives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Behaviour ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves, with the exception of [[hashka]], generally feed on small animals, insects, and eggs. Some species may specialise their diets further, such as the egg-stealing sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039;), or the members of genus [[Nemohascha]], which primarily feed on fruit and bird eggs. They are tendentially [[Wikipedia:Sociality#Solitary but social|solitary-but-social]], only demonstrating higher sociality in members of the [[Haschinae]] subfamily, all of whom mate for life. On average, sveltewolves live about twenty to thirty years, with, again, the exception of hashka, who live up to eighty. Communication (not counting hashka&#039;s complex languages) usually consists of &amp;quot;giggles&amp;quot; (laugh-like vocalisations noticeably not as raucous as those of [[Wikipedia:Spotted hyena|spotted hyenas]]), guttural barks and growls, and chuffs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reproductive strategies vary by genus; [[Paraproteles]] members mate through the wet season, meeting occasionally but never remaining with one mate for life. [[Plesicyon]] members instead follow a migratory pattern, moving towards the warmer southern coasts during the spring and remaining in the cooler inland portions of [[Ashnan]] the rest of the year. [[Haschinae]] in general tend to mate for life, with the female taking a dominant role and serving as the matriarch figure in a family unit. Hashka follow this pattern, and have indeed extrapolated it into a fully hierarchical, complex, matriarchal family unit system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Relationships with humans and hashka ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Folklore, mythology and literature ===&lt;br /&gt;
{hey, y&#039;all, please fill this out with cultural notes and mythology about sveltewolves in your cultures}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Attacks ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves in general, due to their skittish and solitary nature, rarely if ever attack unprovoked, and very few attested deaths can be attributed to them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== In popular culture ===&lt;br /&gt;
{same as folklore section}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sveltewolves]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Anschuhe]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10032</id>
		<title>Sveltewolf</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10032"/>
		<updated>2026-09-23T00:54:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Automatic taxobox&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Sveltewolves&lt;br /&gt;
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|21|0}} [[Early Miocene]] – recent&lt;br /&gt;
| image = Hashkadiversity.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption = One example from each extant genus of Haschidae, clockwise from upper left: etzavazi sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039;), tree hyena (&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039;), ashnan sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039;), and [[hashka]] (&#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
| taxon = Haschidae&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus = &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus_authority = F.&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision = * &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschinae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Orthohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Plesicyoninae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Sveltewolves&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈsvɛltwʊlvz/ &#039;&#039;SVELT-wolves&#039;&#039;, /-tə-/ &#039;&#039;SVEL-tə-wolves&#039;&#039;) are [[Wikipedia:Feliform|feliform]] [[Wikipedia:Carnivoran|carnivoran]] mammals belonging to the [[Wikipedia:Family (taxonomy)|family]] &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈhaskɪdiː/ &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Latin pronunciation:&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; [ˈas.ki.dɛː]). It is a large and varied family of mostly crepuscular to nocturnal, small-animal predators distributed across [[Nkungu]], [[Etzavaz]] and southern coastal [[Ashnan]]. [[Hashka]] are the only extant members in [[Anschuhe]], even though they, too, are native to Ashnan, and were displaced out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Wikipedia:Phylogenetics|Phylogenetically]], sveltewolves are [[Wikipedia:herpestoidea|herpestoideans]] most closely related to the [[Wikipedia:hyena|hyenas]] of Nkungu and Etzavaz, of which the [[Wikipedia:aardwolf|aardwolf]] is the closest relative. Behaviourally, however, sveltewolves are closer to small canid species such as [[Wikipedia:fox|foxes]], with the major exception of the [[tree hyena]], which behaves similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Red panda|red panda]], and [[hashka]], which occupy a similar niche to [[Wikipedia:human|humans]] and [[Jötunn|jötnar]] as a sapient species.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phylogeny ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origins ===&lt;br /&gt;
Haschidae evolved from a common ancestor with [[Wikipedia:Hyena|hyaenids]] in the early [[Wikipedia:Miocene|Miocene]], around 21 million years ago. This ancestor physically resembled more basal hyenas such as the [[Wikipedia:Aardwolf|aardwolf]] and eventually went on to fill a similar niche outside of [[Nkungu]] as omnivores, never evolving the bite strength or bone-crushing capabilities of [[Wikipedia:Hyaeninae|Hyaeninae]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Plesicyoninae ===&lt;br /&gt;
Plesicyoninae are the subfamily closest to the basal sveltewolves. There are two distinct genera of Plesicyoninae: [[Paraproteles]], the aardwolf-like sveltewolves, and [[Plesicyon]], which mostly covers species found on [[Ashnan]]. This latter genus is characterised by a more slender body plan and semi-migratory tendencies, moving towards the coast during mating season and inland for the rest of the year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Haschinae ===&lt;br /&gt;
The common ancestor of the [[Haschinae]] was the thieving sveltewolf ([[Euhascha pseudocrocuta|&#039;&#039;Euhascha pseudocrocuta&#039;&#039;]]), a highly social, large sveltewolf that evolved somewhat similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Spotted hyena|spotted hyena]] as a carrion-eater taking advantage of wolf kills while also supplementing its diet with fruits, which explains its later omnivory. They eventually evolved tree-climbing as an escape strategy, which led to more fruit entering their diet as it was more easily accessible. This newfound frugivory, compounded by their tree-climbing behaviour, led to them evolving opposable pseudo-thumbs. The lineage leading to [[hashka]] eventually gained the cognitive abilities to create tools and fire, and led to their sapience around 60,000 years ago, during the late [[Wikipedia:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phylogenetic tree ===&lt;br /&gt;
{{clade|{{clade&lt;br /&gt;
  |label1=[[Plesicyoninae]] (Land-dwelling sveltewolves)&lt;br /&gt;
  |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039; (etzavazi sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039; (egg-stealing sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039; (ashnan sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039; (red sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |3=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon crinatus]]&#039;&#039; (greater sveltewolf) &lt;br /&gt;
        |4=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon glaucus]]&#039;&#039; (boreal sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }}&lt;br /&gt;
  |label2=[[Haschinae]] (Tree-dwelling sveltewolves and hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
  |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Hashka|Orthohascha garrula]]&#039;&#039; (hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039; (large-footed tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha latrans]]&#039;&#039; (barking tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }} }}|style=font-size:80%; line-height:80%|label1=&#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Characteristics ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Physical characteristics ===&lt;br /&gt;
Although sveltewolves are highly varied, some common physical characteristics can be observed. Most sveltewolves, with the exception of the red sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039;), tend to have muted, desaturated coat colours ranging in the greys, blacks, whites and browns. These coats tend to darken around the face and neck, limbs, and the ends of their tails. The lighter-coloured areas are usually covered in faint stripes. They are endowed with manes, which in some species extend around the entirety of the neck, and are softer than the coarser fur around the rest of the body. This mane can be used in communication through piloerection. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolf ears tend to be large and round-tipped, their noses somewhat flatter than those of [[Wikipedia:Canid|canids]], and their necks more elongated than those of their hyena relatives. Their tails are usually slim and tipped with bristle-like fluff which may, like the mane, also piloerect as an emotional response. Their tongues are strikingly cat-like, with noticeable backwards-facing spines along the upper surface.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Haschinae]], the forest tree-dwelling subfamily including [[hashka]], are highly divergent while also retaining some features from their land-dwelling relatives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Behaviour ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves, with the exception of [[hashka]], generally feed on small animals, insects, and eggs. Some species may specialise their diets further, such as the egg-stealing sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039;), or the members of genus [[Nemohascha]], which primarily feed on fruit and bird eggs. They are tendentially [[Wikipedia:Sociality#Solitary but social|solitary-but-social]], only demonstrating higher sociality in members of the [[Haschinae]] subfamily, all of whom mate for life. On average, sveltewolves live about twenty to thirty years, with, again, the exception of hashka, who live up to eighty. Communication (not counting hashka&#039;s complex languages) usually consists of &amp;quot;giggles&amp;quot; (laugh-like vocalisations noticeably not as raucous as those of [[spotted hyenas]]), guttural barks and growls, and chuffs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reproductive strategies vary by genus; [[Paraproteles]] members mate through the wet season, meeting occasionally but never remaining with one mate for life. [[Plesicyon]] members instead follow a migratory pattern, moving towards the warmer southern coasts during the spring and remaining in the cooler inland portions of [[Ashnan]] the rest of the year. [[Haschinae]] in general tend to mate for life, with the female taking a dominant role and serving as the matriarch figure in a family unit. Hashka follow this pattern, and have indeed extrapolated it into a fully hierarchical, complex, matriarchal family unit system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Relationships with humans and hashka ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Folklore, mythology and literature ===&lt;br /&gt;
{hey, y&#039;all, please fill this out with cultural notes and mythology about sveltewolves in your cultures}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Attacks ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves in general, due to their skittish and solitary nature, rarely if ever attack unprovoked, and very few attested deaths can be attributed to them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== In popular culture ===&lt;br /&gt;
{same as folklore section}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sveltewolves]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Anschuhe]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Anschuhe&amp;diff=10031</id>
		<title>Anschuhe</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Anschuhe&amp;diff=10031"/>
		<updated>2026-09-23T00:20:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox continent&lt;br /&gt;
|title               = Anschuhe&lt;br /&gt;
|image               = Aschuhe-locator.png&lt;br /&gt;
|area                = x&lt;br /&gt;
|population          = x&lt;br /&gt;
|density             = &lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_PPP             =&lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_nominal         =  &lt;br /&gt;
|GDP_per_capita      = &lt;br /&gt;
|HDI                 = &lt;br /&gt;
|ethnic_groups       = &lt;br /&gt;
|religions           = &lt;br /&gt;
|demonym             = Anschuhan&lt;br /&gt;
|countries           = {{Collapsible list&lt;br /&gt;
   | title = List&lt;br /&gt;
   | list_style  = text-align:left;&lt;br /&gt;
   | 1 = {{flag|RSS}} &lt;br /&gt;
   | 2 = {{flag|United Territories of Anschuhe}}&lt;br /&gt;
   | 3 = {{flag|Menöchtüschee}}&lt;br /&gt;
 }}&lt;br /&gt;
|list_countries      = &lt;br /&gt;
|dependencies        = &lt;br /&gt;
|unrecognized        = &lt;br /&gt;
|languages           = {{hlist&lt;br /&gt;
 | 1 = [[Regal Dòn Proper]]&lt;br /&gt;
 | 2 = [[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]]&lt;br /&gt;
 | 3 = [[Low Tschintierst language|Low Tschintierst]]&lt;br /&gt;
 }}&lt;br /&gt;
|time                = &lt;br /&gt;
|cities              = &lt;br /&gt;
|footnotes           = &lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Anschuhe&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈɑ:nʃʊhə/; [[Tschintierst language|Tschintierst]]: X) is a continent&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Continents]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10030</id>
		<title>Sveltewolf</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10030"/>
		<updated>2026-09-22T23:38:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Automatic taxobox&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Sveltewolves&lt;br /&gt;
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|21|0}} [[Early Miocene]] – recent&lt;br /&gt;
| image = Hashkadiversity.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption = One example from each extant genus of Haschidae, clockwise from upper left: etzavazi sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039;), tree hyena (&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039;), ashnan sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039;), and [[hashka]] (&#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
| taxon = Haschidae&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus = &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus_authority = F.&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision = * &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschinae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Orthohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Plesicyoninae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Sveltewolves&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈsvɛltwʊlvz/ &#039;&#039;SVELT-wolves&#039;&#039;, /-tə-/ &#039;&#039;SVEL-tə-wolves&#039;&#039;) are [[Wikipedia:Feliform|feliform]] [[Wikipedia:Carnivoran|carnivoran]] mammals belonging to the [[Wikipedia:Family (taxonomy)|family]] &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈhaskɪdiː/ &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Latin pronunciation:&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; [as.ki.dɛː]). It is a large and varied family of mostly crepuscular to nocturnal, small-animal predators distributed across [[Nkungu]], [[Etzavaz]] and southern coastal [[Ashnan]]. [[Hashka]] are the only extant members in [[Anschuhe]], even though they, too, are native to Ashnan, and were displaced out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Wikipedia:Phylogenetics|Phylogenetically]], sveltewolves are [[Wikipedia:herpestoidea|herpestoideans]] most closely related to the [[Wikipedia:hyena|hyenas]] of Nkungu and Etzavaz, of which the [[Wikipedia:aardwolf|aardwolf]] is the closest relative. Behaviourally, however, sveltewolves are closer to small canid species such as [[Wikipedia:fox|foxes]], with the major exception of the [[tree hyena]], which behaves similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Red panda|red panda]], and [[hashka]], which occupy a similar niche to [[Wikipedia:human|humans]] and [[Jötunn|jötnar]] as a sapient species.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phylogeny ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origins ===&lt;br /&gt;
Haschidae evolved from a common ancestor with [[Wikipedia:Hyena|hyaenids]] in the early [[Wikipedia:Miocene|Miocene]], around 21 million years ago. This ancestor physically resembled more basal hyenas such as the [[Wikipedia:Aardwolf|aardwolf]] and eventually went on to fill a similar niche outside of [[Nkungu]] as omnivores, never evolving the bite strength or bone-crushing capabilities of [[Wikipedia:Hyaeninae|Hyaeninae]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Plesicyoninae ===&lt;br /&gt;
Plesicyoninae are the subfamily closest to the basal sveltewolves. There are two distinct genera of Plesicyoninae: [[Paraproteles]], the aardwolf-like sveltewolves, and [[Plesicyon]], which mostly covers species found on [[Ashnan]]. This latter genus is characterised by a more slender body plan and semi-migratory tendencies, moving towards the coast during mating season and inland for the rest of the year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Haschinae ===&lt;br /&gt;
The common ancestor of the [[Haschinae]] was the thieving sveltewolf ([[Euhascha pseudocrocuta|&#039;&#039;Euhascha pseudocrocuta&#039;&#039;]]), a highly social, large sveltewolf that evolved somewhat similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Spotted hyena|spotted hyena]] as a carrion-eater taking advantage of wolf kills while also supplementing its diet with fruits, which explains its later omnivory. They eventually evolved tree-climbing as an escape strategy, which led to more fruit entering their diet as it was more easily accessible. This newfound frugivory, compounded by their tree-climbing behaviour, led to them evolving opposable pseudo-thumbs. The lineage leading to [[hashka]] eventually gained the cognitive abilities to create tools and fire, and led to their sapience around 60,000 years ago, during the late [[Wikipedia:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phylogenetic tree ===&lt;br /&gt;
{{clade|{{clade&lt;br /&gt;
  |label1=[[Plesicyoninae]] (Land-dwelling sveltewolves)&lt;br /&gt;
  |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039; (etzavazi sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039; (egg-stealing sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039; (ashnan sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039; (red sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |3=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon crinatus]]&#039;&#039; (greater sveltewolf) &lt;br /&gt;
        |4=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon glaucus]]&#039;&#039; (boreal sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }}&lt;br /&gt;
  |label2=[[Haschinae]] (Tree-dwelling sveltewolves and hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
  |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Hashka|Orthohascha garrula]]&#039;&#039; (hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039; (large-footed tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha latrans]]&#039;&#039; (barking tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }} }}|style=font-size:80%; line-height:80%|label1=&#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Characteristics ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Physical characteristics ===&lt;br /&gt;
Although sveltewolves are highly varied, some common physical characteristics can be observed. Most sveltewolves, with the exception of the red sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039;), tend to have muted, desaturated coat colours ranging in the greys, blacks, whites and browns. These coats tend to darken around the face and neck, limbs, and the ends of their tails. The lighter-coloured areas are usually covered in faint stripes. They are endowed with manes, which in some species extend around the entirety of the neck, and are softer than the coarser fur around the rest of the body. This mane can be used in communication through piloerection. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolf ears tend to be large and round-tipped, their noses somewhat flatter than those of [[Wikipedia:Canid|canids]], and their necks more elongated than those of their hyena relatives. Their tails are usually slim and tipped with bristle-like fluff which may, like the mane, also piloerect as an emotional response. Their tongues are strikingly cat-like, with noticeable backwards-facing spines along the upper surface.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Haschinae]], the forest tree-dwelling subfamily including [[hashka]], are highly divergent while also retaining some features from their land-dwelling relatives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Behaviour ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves, with the exception of [[hashka]], generally feed on small animals, insects, and eggs. Some species may specialise their diets further, such as the egg-stealing sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039;), or the members of genus [[Nemohascha]], which primarily feed on fruit and bird eggs. They are tendentially [[Wikipedia:Sociality#Solitary but social|solitary-but-social]], only demonstrating higher sociality in members of the [[Haschinae]] subfamily, all of whom mate for life. On average, sveltewolves live about twenty to thirty years, with, again, the exception of hashka, who live up to eighty. Communication (not counting hashka&#039;s complex languages) usually consists of &amp;quot;giggles&amp;quot; (laugh-like vocalisations noticeably not as raucous as those of [[spotted hyenas]]), guttural barks and growls, and chuffs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reproductive strategies vary by genus; [[Paraproteles]] members mate through the wet season, meeting occasionally but never remaining with one mate for life. [[Plesicyon]] members instead follow a migratory pattern, moving towards the warmer southern coasts during the spring and remaining in the cooler inland portions of [[Ashnan]] the rest of the year. [[Haschinae]] in general tend to mate for life, with the female taking a dominant role and serving as the matriarch figure in a family unit. Hashka follow this pattern, and have indeed extrapolated it into a fully hierarchical, complex, matriarchal family unit system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Relationships with humans and hashka ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Folklore, mythology and literature ===&lt;br /&gt;
{hey, y&#039;all, please fill this out with cultural notes and mythology about sveltewolves in your cultures}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Attacks ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves in general, due to their skittish and solitary nature, rarely if ever attack unprovoked, and very few attested deaths can be attributed to them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== In popular culture ===&lt;br /&gt;
{same as folklore section}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sveltewolves]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Anschuhe]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10029</id>
		<title>Sveltewolf</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://jotunnheim.org/w/index.php?title=Sveltewolf&amp;diff=10029"/>
		<updated>2026-09-22T22:55:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Rowanino: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Automatic taxobox&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Sveltewolves&lt;br /&gt;
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|21|0}} [[Early Miocene]] – recent&lt;br /&gt;
| image = Hashkadiversity.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption = One example from each extant genus of Haschidae, clockwise from upper left: etzavazi sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039;), tree hyena (&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039;), ashnan sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039;), and [[hashka]] (&#039;&#039;Orthohascha garrula&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
| taxon = Haschidae&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus = &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| type_genus_authority = F.&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision = * &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschinae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Orthohascha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Plesicyoninae&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Sveltewolves&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈsvɛltwʊlvz/ &#039;&#039;SVELT-wolves&#039;&#039;, /-tə-/ &#039;&#039;SVEL-tə-wolves&#039;&#039;) are [[Wikipedia:Feliform|feliform]] [[Wikipedia:Carnivoran|carnivoran]] mammals belonging to the [[Wikipedia:Family (taxonomy)|family]] &#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039; (/ˈhaskɪdiː/ &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Latin pronunciation:&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; [as.ki.dɛː]). It is a large and varied family of mostly crepuscular to nocturnal, small-animal predators distributed across [[Nkungu]], [[Etzavaz]] and southern coastal [[Ashnan]]. [[Hashka]] are the only extant members in [[Anschuhe]], even though they, too, are native to Ashnan, and were displaced out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Wikipedia:Phylogenetics|Phylogenetically]], sveltewolves are [[Wikipedia:herpestoidea|herpestoideans]] most closely related to the [[Wikipedia:hyena|hyenas]] of Nkungu and Etzavaz, of which the [[Wikipedia:aardwolf|aardwolf]] is the closest relative. Behaviourally, however, sveltewolves are closer to small canid species such as [[Wikipedia:fox|foxes]], with the major exception of the [[tree hyena]], which behaves similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Red panda|red panda]], and [[hashka]], which occupy a similar niche to [[Wikipedia:human|humans]] and [[Jötunn|jötnar]] as a sapient species.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Phylogeny ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origins ===&lt;br /&gt;
Haschidae evolved from a common ancestor with [[Wikipedia:Hyena|hyaenids]] in the early [[Wikipedia:Miocene|Miocene]], around 21 million years ago. This ancestor resembled more basal hyenas such as the [[Wikipedia:Aardwolf|aardwolf]] and eventually went on to fill a similar niche outside of [[Nkungu]] as omnivores, never evolving the bite strength or bone-crushing capabilities of [[Wikipedia:Hyaeninae|Hyaeninae]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Plesicyoninae ===&lt;br /&gt;
Plesicyoninae are the subfamily closest to the basal sveltewolves. There are two distinct genera of Plesicyoninae: [[Paraproteles]], the aardwolf-like sveltewolves, and [[Plesicyon]], which mostly covers species found on [[Ashnan]]. This latter genus is characterised by a more slender body plan and semi-migratory tendencies, moving towards the coast during mating season and inland for the rest of the year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Haschinae ===&lt;br /&gt;
The common ancestor of the [[Haschinae]] was the thieving sveltewolf ([[Euhascha pseudocrocuta|&#039;&#039;Euhascha pseudocrocuta&#039;&#039;]]), a highly social, large sveltewolf that evolved somewhat similarly to the [[Wikipedia:Spotted hyena|spotted hyena]] as a carrion-eater taking advantage of wolf kills while also supplementing its diet with fruits, which explains its later omnivory. They eventually evolved tree-climbing as an escape strategy, which led to more fruit entering their diet as it was more easily accessible. This newfound frugivory, compounded by their tree-climbing behaviour, led to them evolving opposable pseudo-thumbs. The lineage leading to [[hashka]] eventually gained the cognitive abilities to create tools and fire, and led to their sapience around 60,000 years ago, during the late [[Wikipedia:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phylogenetic tree ===&lt;br /&gt;
{{clade|{{clade&lt;br /&gt;
  |label1=[[Plesicyoninae]] (Land-dwelling sveltewolves)&lt;br /&gt;
  |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles obscurus]]&#039;&#039; (etzavazi sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039; (egg-stealing sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon gracilis]]&#039;&#039; (ashnan sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039; (red sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
        |3=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon crinatus]]&#039;&#039; (greater sveltewolf) &lt;br /&gt;
        |4=&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon glaucus]]&#039;&#039; (boreal sveltewolf)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }}&lt;br /&gt;
  |label2=[[Haschinae]] (Tree-dwelling sveltewolves and hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
  |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
     |1={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Hashka|Orthohascha garrula]]&#039;&#039; (hashka)&lt;br /&gt;
         }}&lt;br /&gt;
     |2={{clade&lt;br /&gt;
        |1=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha megalopus]]&#039;&#039; (large-footed tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
        |2=&#039;&#039;[[Nemohascha latrans]]&#039;&#039; (barking tree hyena)&lt;br /&gt;
         }} }} }}|style=font-size:80%; line-height:80%|label1=&#039;&#039;&#039;Haschidae&#039;&#039;&#039;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Characteristics ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Physical characteristics ===&lt;br /&gt;
Although sveltewolves are highly varied, some common physical characteristics can be observed. Most sveltewolves, with the exception of the red sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Plesicyon rufus]]&#039;&#039;), tend to have muted, desaturated coat colours ranging in the greys, blacks, whites and browns. These coats tend to darken around the face and neck, limbs, and the ends of their tails. The lighter-coloured areas are usually covered in faint stripes. They are endowed with manes, which in some species extend around the entirety of the neck, and are softer than the coarser fur around the rest of the body. This mane can be used in communication through piloerection. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolf ears tend to be large and round-tipped, their noses somewhat flatter than those of [[Wikipedia:Canid|canids]], and their necks more elongated than those of their hyena relatives. Their tails are usually slim and tipped with bristle-like fluff which may, like the mane, also piloerect as an emotional response. Their tongues are strikingly cat-like, with noticeable backwards-facing spines along the upper surface.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Haschinae]], the forest tree-dwelling subfamily including [[hashka]], are highly divergent while also retaining some features from their land-dwelling relatives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Behaviour ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves, with the exception of [[hashka]], generally feed on small animals, insects, and eggs. Some species may specialise their diets further, such as the egg-stealing sveltewolf (&#039;&#039;[[Paraproteles ovifuris]]&#039;&#039;), or the members of genus [[Nemohascha]], which primarily feed on fruit and bird eggs. They are tendentially [[Wikipedia:Sociality#Solitary but social|solitary-but-social]], only demonstrating higher sociality in members of the [[Haschinae]] subfamily, all of whom mate for life. On average, sveltewolves live about twenty to thirty years, with, again, the exception of hashka, who live up to eighty. Communication (not counting hashka&#039;s complex languages) usually consists of &amp;quot;giggles&amp;quot; (laugh-like vocalisations noticeably not as raucous as those of [[spotted hyenas]]), guttural barks and growls, and chuffs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reproductive strategies vary by genus; [[Paraproteles]] members mate through the wet season, meeting occasionally but never remaining with one mate for life. [[Plesicyon]] members instead follow a migratory pattern, moving towards the warmer southern coasts during the spring and remaining in the cooler inland portions of [[Ashnan]] the rest of the year. [[Haschinae]] in general tend to mate for life, with the female taking a dominant role and serving as the matriarch figure in a family unit. Hashka follow this pattern, and have indeed extrapolated it into a fully hierarchical, complex, matriarchal family unit system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Relationships with humans and hashka ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Folklore, mythology and literature ===&lt;br /&gt;
{hey, y&#039;all, please fill this out with cultural notes and mythology about sveltewolves in your cultures}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Attacks ===&lt;br /&gt;
Sveltewolves in general, due to their skittish and solitary nature, rarely if ever attack unprovoked, and very few attested deaths can be attributed to them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== In popular culture ===&lt;br /&gt;
{same as folklore section}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sveltewolves]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Etzavaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Nkungu]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Ashnan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Mammals of Anschuhe]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rowanino</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>