Fuómî́ language: Difference between revisions
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In addition there are the ascending dipthongs /i̯ə/ and /u̯ɔ/ and the descending dipthongs /ei̯/, /ai̯/, /au̯/ and /ou̯/. Sequences of /ə/, /i/, /i̯ə/ or /ei̯/ followed by /ɹ/ are realised as [ɚ]; such sequences with all other vowels and dipthongs as [a˞]. | |||
===Tones=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Tones in Fuómî́ | |||
!Tone number | |||
!Description | |||
!Tone letter | |||
!Example word | |||
!IPA | |||
!Meaning | |||
|- | |||
| 1 | |||
| Low | |||
| ˧ | |||
| ge | |||
| /kə˧/ | |||
| (prepositional marker) | |||
|- | |||
| 2 | |||
| High | |||
| ˥ | |||
| tâ' | |||
| /tʰaʔ˥/ | |||
| "citadel" | |||
|- | |||
| 3 | |||
| Low falling | |||
| ˨˩ | |||
| gèun | |||
| /kou̯n˨˩/ | |||
| "kill" | |||
|- | |||
| 4 | |||
| High falling | |||
| ˥˩ | |||
| kầi | |||
| /kʰai̯˥˩/ | |||
| "marriage" | |||
|- | |||
| 5 | |||
| Low rising | |||
| ˩˨ | |||
| géu' | |||
| /kou̯ʔ˩˨/ | |||
| "sorghum" | |||
|- | |||
| 6 | |||
| High rising | |||
| ˦˥ | |||
| Kû́' | |||
| /kʰuʔ˦˥/ | |||
| (a river) | |||
|- | |||
| 7 | |||
| Falling-rising | |||
| ˧˨˦ | |||
| kěu' | |||
| /kʰou̯ʔ˧˨˦/ | |||
| "asphalt" | |||
|} | |||
===Tone sandhi=== | |||
lol, lmao | |||
===Phonotactics=== | |||
The structure of the Fuómî́ syllable is CV(F), where V includes dipthongs and the category of final consonants F includes only /n/, /ɹ/ and /ʔ/. /w/ and /j/ do not occur in initial position before the ascending dipthongs /i̯ə/ and /u̯ɔ/ | |||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
Revision as of 18:56, 27 July 2022
| Fuómî́ | |
|---|---|
| Fuómî́' | |
| Pronunciation | /fwɔ˨˩mi(ʔ)˦˥/ |
| Native to | a lot |
Morèi
| |
Early form | Old Fuómî́
|
| Morèi script, Jozunian script | |
| Official status | |
| Regulated by | me |
Fuómî́ is the most widely spoken Morèi language, spoken natively in the central states such as Kû́tế, Dáutâ and Wàitên, and throughout the wider region as a lingua franca. It is notable among the Morèi languages for having developed a rich tonal system.
History
Varieties
Phonology
The following tables show the consonants, vowels and tones of Fuómî́ in the standardised Dáutâ dialect:
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | [ŋ] | |||
| Stop | aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | [tɕʰ] | kʰ | |
| unaspirated | p | t | [tɕ] | k | ʔ | |
| Fricative | f | s | [ɕ] | x | ||
| Approximant | ɹ | j | w | |||
[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before velar consonants; [tɕʰ] of /tʰ/ and /kʰ/, [tɕ] of /t/ and [ɕ] of /s/ and /h/ before /i/ or /j/.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | ||
| Mid | ə | ɔ | ||
| Open | a | |||
In addition there are the ascending dipthongs /i̯ə/ and /u̯ɔ/ and the descending dipthongs /ei̯/, /ai̯/, /au̯/ and /ou̯/. Sequences of /ə/, /i/, /i̯ə/ or /ei̯/ followed by /ɹ/ are realised as [ɚ]; such sequences with all other vowels and dipthongs as [a˞].
Tones
| Tone number | Description | Tone letter | Example word | IPA | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Low | ˧ | ge | /kə˧/ | (prepositional marker) |
| 2 | High | ˥ | tâ' | /tʰaʔ˥/ | "citadel" |
| 3 | Low falling | ˨˩ | gèun | /kou̯n˨˩/ | "kill" |
| 4 | High falling | ˥˩ | kầi | /kʰai̯˥˩/ | "marriage" |
| 5 | Low rising | ˩˨ | géu' | /kou̯ʔ˩˨/ | "sorghum" |
| 6 | High rising | ˦˥ | Kû́' | /kʰuʔ˦˥/ | (a river) |
| 7 | Falling-rising | ˧˨˦ | kěu' | /kʰou̯ʔ˧˨˦/ | "asphalt" |
Tone sandhi
lol, lmao
Phonotactics
The structure of the Fuómî́ syllable is CV(F), where V includes dipthongs and the category of final consonants F includes only /n/, /ɹ/ and /ʔ/. /w/ and /j/ do not occur in initial position before the ascending dipthongs /i̯ə/ and /u̯ɔ/